{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:35:05Z","timestamp":1775547305999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Penpulimab is a novel programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor that has been approved in China for use in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sq-NSCLC). However, the cost-effectiveness of this treatment in China remains to be determined. In this study, we aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of penpulimab combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin for metastatic sq-NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n \n Based on the AK105-302 trial (\n NCT03866993<\/jats:ext-link>\n ), a Markov model was created to evaluate the disease progression of metastatic sq-NSCLC patients over 10 years. The model included progression-free survival, progressive disease and death. The utility values were derived from published literature. Sensitivity studies were used to assess the robustness of the model outputs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n The Chinese healthcare system perspective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n A hypothetical Chinese cohort of patients with locally advanced or metastatic sq-NSCLC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Penpulimab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n Costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Compared with the chemotherapy alone group, the cost of penpulimab plus chemotherapy increased by US$3717.72, with an increase of 0.43 QALYs. The ICER was US$8625.78\/QALY, which was well below the willingness-to-pay threshold of US$38 052\/QALY. This demonstrated higher cost-effectiveness benefits, as confirmed by the sensitivity analysis results.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Under the Chinese health system, penpulimab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin is cost-effective for metastatic sq-NSCLC patients and can be used as an economical and effective treatment option.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-091650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T16:56:52Z","timestamp":1741021012000},"page":"e091650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cost-effectiveness analysis of penpulimab combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin as a first-line treatment for metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03866993","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03866993","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1955-9616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuechen","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7946-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruigang","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw326"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0025"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.01.01","article-title":"Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary lung cancer 2018 (English version)","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.5","first-page":"2229","article-title":"Disparate survival trends in histologic subtypes of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based analysis","volume":"5","author":"Olszewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.0366","article-title":"Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy vs Chemotherapy Alone as First-line Treatment for Advanced Squamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00650-1"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.04.011"},{"key":"2025121403241784000_15.3.e091650.9","unstructured":"Guidelines Working Committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology . 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