{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:18:05Z","timestamp":1791821885428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Factors associated with multimorbidity, polypharmacy and Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI) may vary across countries. However, such data are lacking in the present study setting. This study aimed to identify factors associated with multimorbidity, polypharmacy and MRCI among adults living with hypertension in public hospitals of South Gondar Zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicentred cross-sectional design<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public hospitals of Comprehensive Specialised and Primary Hospitals, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults living with hypertension who had follow-up visits at outpatient clinics and were selected by systematic random sampling from 1 December 2021 to 28 February 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication regimen complexity was assessed using a 65-item medication regimen complexity tool. Sociodemographic data were collected through an interview, while polypharmacy and clinical characteristics were documented using a checklist. Data were entered into SPSS V.26 and analysed using STATA V.17. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the AOR of factors associated with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. For factors influencing MRCI, an ordinal logistic regression was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found participants from Nefas Mewucha Hospital (AOR = 0.3, 95%\u2009CI 0.15 to 0.59) and Mekane Eyesus Hospital (AOR = 0.17, 95%\u2009CI 0.07 to 0.38), compared with Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialised Hospital, polypharmacy (AOR = 5.52, 95%\u2009CI 1.49 to 20.39), medium (AOR = 19.76, 95%\u2009CI 5.86 to 66.56) and high MRCI (AOR = 120.32, 95%\u2009CI 33.12 to 437.07) were associated with multimorbidity. Multimorbidity (AOR = 25.4, 95%\u2009CI 7.48 to 86.23), controlled blood pressure (AOR = 0.43, 95%\u2009CI 0.19 to 0.92) and duration of hypertension therapy 5 years or more (AOR = 2.12, 95%\u2009CI 1.08 to 4.16) were associated with polypharmacy. Whereas controlled BP (AOR = 0.48, 95%\u2009CI 0.32 to 0.72) and multimorbidity (AOR = 14.55, 95%\u2009CI 9.00 to 23.52) were significantly associated with high MRCI. The prevalence of multimorbidity, high MRCI and polypharmacy was found in 46.1%, 35.22% and 12.29% of participants, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A considerable proportion of participants with hypertension experienced multimorbidity, polypharmacy and high medication complexity. Polypharmacy, primary hospital setting and high MRCI were independent variables associated with multimorbidity. On the other hand, multimorbidity and controlled BP were associated with polypharmacy and MRCI. Hypertension care should consider multimorbidity, polypharmacy and medication complexity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-091997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T23:25:17Z","timestamp":1744327517000},"page":"e091997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical factors associated with multimorbidity, polypharmacy and medication regimen complexity among adults with hypertension: a multicentre cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1218-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taklo Simeneh","family":"Yazie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Workneh Ebabu","family":"Mengistu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannes Shumet","family":"Yimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-4551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Berihun","family":"Dagnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fisseha Nigussie","family":"Dagnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilaye Arega","family":"Moges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getu Tesfaw","family":"Addis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe Muche","family":"Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Infectious Disease, University of Ghana, Legon, Greater Accra, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812330594000_15.4.e091997.1","unstructured":"Moffat K , Fischbacher-Smith D , Sanci L . 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