{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:51:21Z","timestamp":1793317881006,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Industrial partners","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche - ANR","award":["ANR-11-INBS-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-INBS-0002"]}]},{"name":"Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance Maladie - CNAM","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesise that women with type 2 diabetes and hypertension are less likely than comparable men to receive renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS)-inhibiting antihypertensive treatment, particularly as first-line therapy. This study\u2019s main aim is to investigate the delivery of RAS inhibitor treatments by sex and number of antihypertensive treatments used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study in a cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Constances cohort, France, 2012\u20132019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2541 participants with type 2 diabetes among the 196 477 individuals aged 18\u201369 included in the Constances cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proportion of individuals treated with RAS inhibitors by sex and number of antihypertensive treatments dispensed. Factors associated with the use of RAS inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2541 diabetics, 1742 (68.6%) had received at least one antihypertensive treatment during the year preceding inclusion\u2014a percentage that did not differ significantly between men and women (p=0.07). In analyses stratified by the number of antihypertensive classes, RAS inhibitors were delivered significantly less often to women than men for single-drug therapy (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.81; p=0.008) and two-drug therapy (0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.75, p=0.007) but not in regimens of three or more drugs (0.29, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.56; p=0.15). In the multivariate analysis, women received RAS inhibitors significantly less often than men (0.41, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.62; p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with type 2 diabetes are less likely than men to receive a prescription for RAS inhibitors, although this drug class is recommended as first-line therapy in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:30:16Z","timestamp":1765175416000},"page":"e092205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are hypertensive women with type 2 diabetes treated with RAS inhibitors as often as men? 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