{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:07:38Z","timestamp":1787314058366,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the association of sarcopenia, exposure to medium-term to long-term ambient particulate matter 2.5 \u00b5m and 10 \u00b5m (PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling cohort of middle-aged and older adults in South Korea.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The participants were drawn from the seventh follow-up visit conducted between 2015 and 2016 in the KoGES community-based Ansung cohort who had participated in an ageing substudy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive function was evaluated by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and decreased cognitive function was defined as a K-MMSE score of 23 or less.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 2274 participants (mean age 70.1 years, 58.3% women and mean annual PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels of 30.7 and 52.2 \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively), 8.7% (n=197) were sarcopenic, 35.8% (n=814) were possible sarcopenic and 55.5% (n=1263) were non-sarcopenic. The predictors of sarcopenia included body mass index, cognitive function, age, marital status, hypertension and physical activity. Exposure to PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      for an average duration of 1 month to 3 years was not selected as a predictor of sarcopenia. Participants with sarcopenia were associated with lower cognitive scores (\u03b2=\u22121.51, p&lt;0.0001) and decreased cognitive function compared with those without sarcopenia (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.52). Exposure to medium-term and long-term PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      or PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      was not associated with sarcopenia. The effect modification of PM exposure on the association between sarcopenia and cognitive function was generally not detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this community-based observational cohort study of KoGES participants aged 50 years and older, sarcopenia was associated with decreased cognitive function. However, medium-term to long-term exposure to PM\n                      <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                      or PM\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      was not associated with sarcopenia and did not modify the relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T21:50:33Z","timestamp":1733435433000},"page":"e092448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association of sarcopenia, ambient air pollution and cognitive function in a community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly Korean population: a community-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6276-7667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane J","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Dong","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoungho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101813253279000_14.12.e092448.1","unstructured":"Statistics Korea . 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