{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:26:40Z","timestamp":1791894400596,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perinatal loss, which includes miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death, is a significant public health problem worldwide. Perinatal loss causes a range of short-term and long-term reactions<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>in women. Knowing these reactions and coping methods is essential for appropriate support and treatment. This study aims to examine the complex reactions and coping methods experienced by women after perinatal loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a qualitative descriptive approach was used, in which indepth interviews were conducted with the data collected using semistructured interviews. 10\u2009women who experienced perinatal loss were included in the study using the snowball sampling method. Analysis was conducted using an inductive content analysis approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings showed that women who experienced perinatal loss exhibited a variety of complex reactions, which could be grouped under five themes. These are emotional reactions, concerns, changes in life, subsequent pregnancy and blame. We also observed that these women used strategies classified under seven different themes to cope, which we expressed as relying on religious or spiritual beliefs, restructuring, the healing power of more challenging experiences, reflecting on worse scenarios, isolating oneself, avoiding remembering and concretising the loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that women experiencing perinatal loss may react differently and develop different strategies to cope with their loss and reactions. These findings may help to assess the emotional and behavioural states of women after perinatal loss and guide healthcare professionals to provide more individualised care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T02:15:35Z","timestamp":1748312135000},"page":"e092544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["From grief to resilience: a qualitative study of women\u2019s reactions and coping methods after perinatal loss in T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuba","family":"Ucar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Sabanci Baransel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman Tayyar","family":"\u00c7elik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development, \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University, Malatya, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-01387-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions on psychological distress in women who have experienced perinatal loss: a systematic review protocol","volume":"9","author":"Charrois","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.2","unstructured":"Hutcherson A . Bleeding in pregnancy. In: Macdonald S , Johnson G , eds. Mayes\u2019 midwifery. Mayes: Midwifery, 2017: 895\u2013914."},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16113","article-title":"Parents\u2019 experiences of care following the loss of a baby at the margins between miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death: a UK qualitative study","volume":"127","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.4","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Making every baby count: audit and review of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. 2016. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241511223"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2016.1239249","article-title":"The impact of miscarriage and stillbirth on maternal-fetal relationships: an integrative review","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.6","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Maternal and newborn - Mortality\/causes of death. 2022. Available: https:\/\/platform.who.int\/data\/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing\/maternal-and-newborn-data\/maternal-and-newborn---mortality-causes-of-death"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.168047"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2023.103673","article-title":"Parents experiences of pregnancy following perinatal loss: An integrative review","volume":"121","author":"Donegan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13009","article-title":"Meeting the needs of parents after a stillbirth or neonatal death","volume":"121","author":"Flenady","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103421","article-title":"Impact of perinatal death on the social and family context of the parents","volume":"17","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Sola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2018.01.003","article-title":"Predicting need for follow-up due to severe anxiety and depression symptoms after perinatal loss","volume":"47","author":"Hutti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1560-9","article-title":"The impact of pregnancy loss on men\u2019s health and wellbeing: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Due","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317705981","article-title":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 experiences of perinatal loss: A systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Gandino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14211","article-title":"Multicultural coping experiences of parents following perinatal loss: A meta-ethnographic synthesis","volume":"76","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Basanta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.08.010","article-title":"Midwives\u2019 experience of delivery care in late foetal death: A qualitative study","volume":"66","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Serrano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21768"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villamin P , Lopez V , Thapa DK , et al . A worked example of qualitative descriptive design: a step-by-step guide for novice and early career researchers. J Adv Nurs 2024. doi:10.1111\/jan.16481","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.16481"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770180211"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20362"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333393617742282","article-title":"Employing a qualitative description approach in health care research","volume":"4","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Qual Nurs Res"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00429.x","article-title":"Research, evaluation, and policy analysis: heuristics for disciplined inquiry","volume":"5","author":"Lincoln","year":"1986","journal-title":"Review Policy Res"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.25","unstructured":"Merriam SB . Qualitative research: a guide to design and interpretation. Jossey-Bass, 2009."},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.26","unstructured":"Creswell JW . Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications, 2009."},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000289","article-title":"Investigation of the experiences of mothers living through prenatal loss incidents: a qualitative study","volume":"27","author":"Aydin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.03.014","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of labour and birth when having a termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality in the second trimester of pregnancy: A qualitative meta-synthesis","volume":"50","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-06986-y","article-title":"Complicated grief following the perinatal loss: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.09.005","article-title":"The effects of social support on depression and anxiety in the perinatal period: A mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"319","author":"Sufredini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/09581590902906203","article-title":"Circles in the surf: Australian masculinity, mortality and grief","volume":"19","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Public Health"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298750","article-title":"Relationship between gender roles, motherhood beliefs and mental health","volume":"19","author":"Delgado-Herrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05509-5","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of trauma, the psychosocial impact and health service needs during the perinatal period","volume":"23","author":"Perera","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12646","article-title":"Parenthood and well\u2010being: a decade in review","volume":"82","author":"Nomaguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.35","first-page":"49","article-title":"Failure in identity building as the main challenge of infertility: a qualitative study","volume":"21","author":"Alamin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.36","first-page":"321","article-title":"Perinatal loss and its psychological impacts on maternal identity: A systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Richards","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029354","article-title":"Hope for the best \u2026but expect the worst: a qualitative study to explore how women with recurrent miscarriage experience the early waiting period of a new pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"Bailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.21610","article-title":"Pregnancy After Miscarriage: Balancing Between Loss of Control and Searching for Control","volume":"37","author":"Ockhuijsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2023.103762","article-title":"Pregnancy after perinatal loss: A meta-ethnography from a women\u2019s perspective","volume":"124","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Basanta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840703260905"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14059","article-title":"Grief reactions of couples to perinatal loss: A one-year prospective follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Tseng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1177\/0030222820981230","article-title":"\u201cIt is not something you can easily forget\u201d: Ghanaian parents\u2019 experiences of child loss","volume":"86","author":"Asare","year":"2022","journal-title":"Omega (Westport)"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00d6zt\u00fcrk G , Elmas S . The dark farewell to the light of life: a qualitative study about prenatal loss. OMEGA - J Death Dying 2022;00302228221131599.","DOI":"10.1177\/00302228221131599"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.44","first-page":"921","article-title":"We are mothers, but also women. The social construction of motherhood","volume":"32","author":"Rivera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opci\u00f3n"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2010.513115"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721002221","article-title":"The association between history of prenatal loss and maternal psychological state in a subsequent pregnancy: an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study","volume":"53","author":"Lazarides","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2666-z","article-title":"Experience of parents who have suffered a perinatal death in two Spanish hospitals: a qualitative study","volume":"19","author":"Camacho-\u00c1vila","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020031","article-title":"Alterations in maternally perceived fetal movement and their association with late stillbirth: findings from the Midland and North of England stillbirth case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Heazell","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1200-9","article-title":"\u201cNot just a normal mum\u201d: a qualitative investigation of a support service for women who are pregnant subsequent to perinatal loss","volume":"17","author":"Meredith","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.50","article-title":"Empathy and communication in perinatal care: Addressing emotional needs in challenging situations","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogn.2020.10.004","article-title":"Qualitative interpretive metasynthesis of parents\u2019 experiences of perinatal loss","volume":"50","author":"Berry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Obstetric Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.52","first-page":"411","article-title":"Workplace experience of parents coping with perinatal loss: A scoping review","volume":"69","author":"Meunier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/AG.67.3.a"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12119","article-title":"Perinatal bereavement: a principle-based concept analysis","volume":"69","author":"Fenstermacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/NJH.0000000000000417","article-title":"Maternal bereavement: Mothers\u2019 lived experience of losing a newborn infant in Jordan","volume":"20","author":"Abdel\u2010Razeq","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hospice Palliat Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2023.103651","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth after perinatal loss: A systematic review","volume":"121","author":"Alvarez-Calle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217502239798","article-title":"Coping with grief after involuntary pregnancy loss: perspectives of African American women","volume":"32","author":"Van","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstetric Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"2025121219373756000_15.5.e092544.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.65.1.e","article-title":"Conversations, coping, & connectedness: a qualitative study of women who have experienced involuntary pregnancy loss","volume":"65","author":"Van","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omega (Westport)"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T03:37:46Z","timestamp":1765597066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092544","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}