{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:18:37Z","timestamp":1783649917202,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M720605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M720605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Discipline \"Dengfeng Plan\u201d of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","award":["#cyyy-xkdfjh-lcyj-202304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#cyyy-xkdfjh-lcyj-202304"]}]},{"name":"Special support from Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Program","award":["2021XM1029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021XM1029"]}]},{"name":"CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine","award":["W0154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W0154"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Program and Candidate of Tip-Top Talent of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","award":["#BJRC2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#BJRC2021-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The management of bleeding and coagulation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has long been recognised as a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Despite the notable success of empirical anticoagulation in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) following TKA, the increased risk of postoperative bleeding has also raised extensive concern. Ecchymosis, as one of the most common manifestations indicating postoperative bleeding, holds the potential to indicate the balance of bleeding and hypercoagulation. However, there is still a lack of evidence-based medical research to determine the importance of postoperative ecchymosis and related personalised anticoagulation therapy. Therefore, we have designed a randomised controlled trial aimed at assessing the safety and efficacy of personalised delayed anticoagulation strategies in the management of postoperative bleeding in TKA patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Patients diagnosed with end-stage knee osteoarthritis will be grouped based on the presence of ecchymosis after TKA. Those without ecchymosis will receive standard anticoagulation therapy, while those with ecchymosis will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio into either the standard anticoagulation group or the delayed anticoagulation group. The primary outcomes will compare the blood routine examination, coagulogram, thromboelastography and the incidence of VTE. The secondary outcomes will include surgical-related complications. Additionally, patient baseline data and surgery-related data will also be recorded and analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ethics approval has been obtained from The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (2024-194-01). The results will be disseminated at international conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ChiCTR2400084440.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T01:30:11Z","timestamp":1757467811000},"page":"e092640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Safety and efficacy of personalised delayed anticoagulation for reducing perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty patients: protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing 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