{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:45:31Z","timestamp":1765881931347,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a severe condition characterised by low cardiac output and often hypotension, which results in organ hypoperfusion due to cardiac failure. As a form of acute heart failure, this condition seems to share similar underlying pathological mechanisms. It is well established that iron deficiency is correlated with chronic and acute heart failure, causing worsening of the symptoms, reduction of quality of life and survival and simultaneously increasing the rehospitalisation rates for all causes in these patients. It remains unclear whether there is an association between iron deficiency and CS. The objective of this scoping review will be to determine the actual state of the art regarding the significance of iron deficiency in patients affected by CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will conduct a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE and EMBASE via \u2018Ovid\u2019 (Elsevier) and Web of Science (2024 Clarivate). The goal is to analyse the incidence and clinical significance of iron deficiency in patients affected by cardiogenic shock. To gain a deeper insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, the review will include basic research conducted on both human subjects and on animal models as well as observational, randomised controlled studies and systematic reviews and meta-analysis. To maximise the identification of relevant reports and reduce loss of information, a systematic search of the literature will be performed from inception until January 2025 using the terms \u201ciron deficiency\u201d as well as \u201ciron\u201d, \u201cferritin\u201d, \u201ctransferrin\u201d, \u201ctransferrin saturation\u201d, \u201chepcidin\u201d and \u201csoluble transferrin receptor\u201d matching these terms with the keywords \u201ccardiogenic shock\u201d, \u201cacute heart failure\u201d, \u201cadvanced heart failure\u201d, \u201cdecompensated heart failure\u201d, \u201clvad\u201d, \u201cleft ventricular assist device\u201d, \u201cmechanical circulatory support\u201d, \u201cVA-ECMO\u201d and \u201cExtracorporeal Life Support\u201d. We will also use the corresponding MeSH and Emtree terms. In order to find grey literature, we will use the OADT.org internet-based database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No additional ethics approval is required, as this review is based on existing research without new data collection. Only studies with ethics approval will be included. We plan to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present them at international conferences on cardiology, intensive and acute cardiovascular care, cardiac surgery and cardioanaesthesiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T02:50:20Z","timestamp":1745117420000},"page":"e092891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron deficiency in patients with cardiogenic shock: protocol for a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6230-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Germinario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Catena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sascha","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Roeschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Informatics, Invalidenstra\u00dfe 90, 10115, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yassine","family":"Ghamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Informatics, Invalidenstra\u00dfe 90, 10115, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Perioperative Medicine, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital and Barts Heart Centre, London EC1A 7BE, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Schoenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charit\u00e9 - Medical Heart Center of Charit\u00e9 and German Heart Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121602414197000_15.4.e092891.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aromataris E , Lockwood C , Porritt K . 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