{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:20:28Z","timestamp":1777659628584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the association between calcium and vitamin D supplementation for osteoporosis treatment and the development of kidney stones while investigating the impact of urinary calcium excretion on kidney stone risk among patients receiving this supplementation treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study involved collecting data from 204 Chinese Han patients aged 50\u201389 with osteoporosis in the southwest region of China. These patients had been on daily doses of 600\u2009mg of calcium carbonate and 0.5\u2009\u00b5g alfacalcidol for at least 1 year. The study employed univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for kidney stones, with independent t-tests used to compare differences between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from patients in the southwest region of China, covering the period from July 2019 to December 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 204 patients with osteoporosis, all of whom had been receiving the specified calcium and vitamin D supplements for the duration of the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that a history of recurrent kidney stones was an independent risk factor for the development of kidney stones. Patients with kidney stones who had a history of recurrent stones exhibited significantly higher levels of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion (1.00\u00b10.62 vs 0.57\u00b10.54, p=0.026) compared with those without such a history.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that a history of recurrent kidney stones independently increases the risk of kidney stones in patients undergoing calcium and vitamin D supplementation for osteoporosis, likely due to increased urinary calcium excretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T06:11:13Z","timestamp":1739686273000},"page":"e092901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between calcium and vitamin D supplementation and increased risk of kidney stone formation in patients with osteoporosis in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3115-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Military Medical University Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinyin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiongyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121408305300000_15.2.e092901.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218183","article-title":"Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin?","volume":"21","author":"Rendina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol 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