{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:47:50Z","timestamp":1784004470736,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015747","name":"University Grant Commission (UGC), Bangladesh","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Research grant (2022-23) to public university teac"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research grant (2022-23) to public university teac"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the status of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and associated factors among children aged 0\u201323 months in the low-income regions of Dhaka City, Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-income regions of Dhaka City, Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>530 children aged 0\u201323 months and their mothers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevailing IYCF practices were assessed against the 17 indicators of IYCF recommended by the WHO\/UNICEF in 2021. Modified Poisson regression models were built to explore the relation between socio-demographic variables and each of the selected IYCF indicators (early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than two-thirds of the children were reported to follow appropriate breastfeeding practices (EIBF, 70.4% and EBF, 60.9%). Among the complementary feeding indicators, almost half of the children (48.8%) were reported to meet MMF; however, only about 26% of the children reportedly met the MDD with a consequent low prevalence (22.9%) of the composite indicator MAD. More than half (55%) of the children were reported to consume egg and\/or flesh food consumption; still, inappropriate dietary practices were observed among 60% had unhealthy food consumption, and 56% had zero vegetable or fruit consumption). Child age was a significant determinant of IYCF practices. The children of mothers with no pregnancy complications exhibited a greater chance of having EIBF (estimate: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.42, p=0.02), MDD (Estimate: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.55, p=0.02), and MAD (estimate: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.77, p=0.03) compared with the children of mothers with pregnancy complications. The children with a mother having secondary or higher education had a higher chance of having MDD (estimate: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.76, p=0.003) and MMF (estimate: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.56, p=0.02) than the children of mothers having primary or no education. Similarly, children from higher-income households had a higher chance of getting MDD (estimate: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.03, p=0.02), and MAD (estimate: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.64, p=0.01) compared with children from lower-income households.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IYCF practices among a considerable proportion of children aged 0\u201323 months in the low-income regions of Dhaka City were found to be suboptimal and predicted by children\u2019s age, maternal education and pregnancy complications, and household income.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T06:59:03Z","timestamp":1743231543000},"page":"e093064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of infant and young child feeding practices in low-income areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: insights from a cross-sectional study using the 2021 WHO\/UNICEF guideline"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8856-8172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasmia","family":"Tasnim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Hafizul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Abbas Mohammad","family":"Kurshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6982-4951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazi Muhammad Rezaul","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221350415000_15.3.e093064.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01024-7"},{"key":"2025121221350415000_15.3.e093064.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1496"},{"key":"2025121221350415000_15.3.e093064.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"2025121221350415000_15.3.e093064.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13811-1"},{"key":"2025121221350415000_15.3.e093064.5","unstructured":"WHO and UNICEF . 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