{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T03:00:49Z","timestamp":1755226849004,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DAM Foundation"},{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Circadian rhythm sleep\u2013wake disturbances appear to be prevalent in psychiatric populations and may maintain and exacerbate psychiatric symptoms. Bright light therapy (BLT) is, in addition to exogenous melatonin, the treatment of choice for circadian rhythm disorders like delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and has yielded promising results in patients with comorbid psychiatric illness. However, such patients are rarely offered this treatment in outpatient clinics. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate whether group BLT for psychiatric outpatients is superior to treatment as usual (TAU).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>60\u2009patients with moderate-to-severe psychiatric illness who meet the criteria for DSWPD will be recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Norway. They will be randomised (1:1) to a group-based Sleep School Wake Up! For Circadian (SSWU-C) programme conjointly with TAU or to TAU while on a wait list for SSWU-C. The SSWU-C will be delivered over four biweekly sessions, each lasting 120\u2009min; hence treatment will last 6\u2009weeks. Assessments will be collected at baseline (T1) and after the intervention (T2). The primary outcome will be changes in sleep timing using measures such as sleep diaries, actigraphy and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) at 6\u2009weeks postintervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in other sleep metrics, symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, problems with work and social adjustment and well-being. Mixed models will be used for data analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ethical approval was granted in 2020 by the Regional Ethics Committee in Western Norway (REK 2020\/66304). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be presented at research conferences and in relevant media. The results may document the need for more specific sleep-directed treatments in psychiatric clinics as a way of treating not only circadian rhythm sleep\u2013wake disorders but also as a treatment to alleviate psychiatric symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05177055\">NCT05177055<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T09:05:42Z","timestamp":1744967142000},"page":"e093091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Group bright light therapy compared to treatment as usual for delayed sleep\u2013wake phase disorder among patients in psychiatric care (the SIP trials): a protocol for a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05177055","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6260-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ane","family":"Wilhelmsen-Langeland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berge","family":"Osnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gradisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wink Sleep, Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika Alice","family":"V\u00e5genes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2112-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Bjorvatn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole-Bernt","family":"Fasmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Koln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e5le","family":"Pallesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingvild West","family":"Saxvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13976","article-title":"Circadian aspects in the aetiology and pathophysiology of insomnia","volume":"32","author":"Lack","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5423.2177"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.3","article-title":"Chronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review","volume":"8","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12072"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa132","article-title":"Circadian tau differences and rhythm associations in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and sighted non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder","volume":"44","author":"Micic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.010"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.10.014","article-title":"Association of chronotype, social jetlag, sleep duration and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students","volume":"320","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.8","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine . International classification of sleep disorders 3rd. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2023."},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1432","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy plus bright light therapy for adolescent delayed sleep phase disorder","volume":"34","author":"Gradisar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.03.002","article-title":"Cognitive performance in adolescents with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder: Treatment effects and a comparison with good sleepers","volume":"65","author":"Richardson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2015.03.001","article-title":"Delayed sleep phase disorder risk is associated with absenteeism and impaired functioning","volume":"1","author":"Rajaratnam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13452","article-title":"Depressed mood and repetitive negative thinking in Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder: Treatment effects and a comparison with good sleepers","volume":"31","author":"Richardson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.09.028","article-title":"Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in young adults: prevalence and correlates from a national survey of Norwegian university students","volume":"77","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0070(88)90014-9"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02569","article-title":"Habitual Sleep, Social Jetlag, and Reaction Time in Youths With Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder. A Case-Control Study","volume":"10","author":"Saxvig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00877-7"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.227892"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2014.981817","article-title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an Adjunct Treatment to Light Therapy for Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study","volume":"14","author":"Danielsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.05.001","article-title":"Are cognitive \u201cinsomnia\u201d processes involved in the development and maintenance of delayed sleep wake phase disorder?","volume":"26","author":"Richardson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00074-8","article-title":"Sleep\u2019s role in the development and resolution of adolescent depression","volume":"1","author":"Gradisar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.21","first-page":"155","article-title":"Light therapy for the treatment of delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in adults: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/JCSM.5100"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1510059"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.04.009"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.25","unstructured":"Tech News and Update . Tech News and Update. Blue light blocking glasses market size: Analyzing industry scope and potential growth by 2023, 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/blue-light-blocking-glasses-market-size-analyzing-370af\/"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75622-4","article-title":"Evening home lighting adversely impacts the circadian system and sleep","volume":"10","author":"Cain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6249","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275917","article-title":"Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder","volume":"596","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2021.1930029","article-title":"Evening wear of blue-blocking glasses for sleep and mood disorders: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Hester","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01186280"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rector NA , Arnold PD . Chapter 7 - assessment of patients with anxiety disorders. In: Goldbloom DS , ed. Psychiatric Clinical Skills. Philadelphia: Mosby, 2006: 71\u201389.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-03123-3.50012-0"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2020.1845191","article-title":"Sleep in the land of the midnight sun and polar night: The Troms\u00f8 study","volume":"38","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr052"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465822000431","article-title":"The evolution of motivational interviewing","volume":"51","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262799","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial on the effects of blue-blocking glasses compared to partial blue-blockers on sleep outcomes in the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Liset","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.4.519"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7228"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/JMPB.2018-0063"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142533","article-title":"A Novel, Open Access Method to Assess Sleep Duration Using a Wrist-Worn Accelerometer","volume":"10","author":"van Hees","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03171-4","article-title":"Irregular sleep\/wake patterns are associated with poorer academic performance and delayed circadian and sleep\/wake timing","volume":"7","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.05.014"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2006.06.020"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07420528.2013.823200"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.45","unstructured":"Morin CM . Insomni: Psychological Assessment and Management. New York: NY: Guilford Press, 1993."},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.107.3.691-706","article-title":"A new scale for measuring insomnia: the Bergen Insomnia Scale","volume":"107","author":"Pallesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6703_13"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-P"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.53"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.03.038"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730402239679"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20345"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.494.89"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081413"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.62","unstructured":"Conners K , MHS Staff . Conners\u2019 continuous performance test (cpt ii). version 5 for windows technical guide and software manual. toronto: multi-health systems inc. 2004."},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.63","unstructured":"Guy SC , Isquith PK , Gioia GA . Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Self Report Version. Odessa, FL: Professional Manual, 2004."},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(79)90094-6"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101556","article-title":"Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"60","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730416657462"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.68","unstructured":"Biostat Inc . Comprehensive Meta\u2010Analysis, Version 4.0. Englewood, NJ: Biostat Inc, 2022."},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.69","unstructured":"Wilhelmsen-Langeland A , Osnes b . DAM Registry; Sleep In Psychiatric care (SIP), 2024. Available: https:\/\/osf.io\/7etnf"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001391657794003"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2013.12.010"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5990"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21022"},{"key":"2025070104211714000_15.4.e093091.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21243"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093091","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T18:53:28Z","timestamp":1752000808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093091","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}