{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:42:28Z","timestamp":1772163748571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740960000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease, affecting approximately 600\u2009million people. It is characterised by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage, osteophyte formation and asymmetric joint space narrowing, leading to pain, stiffness and functional impairment. The current focus of disease management is on symptom relief and functional improvement. However, these interventions frequently do not provide adequate outcomes. This may be attributed to a lack of consideration for contextual factors, including the presence of comorbidities such as depression. Several studies indicate that depression is highly prevalent, affecting up to 20% of patients with OA. As depression is known to be a multifactorial disorder, there are various risk factors that may increase the likelihood of comorbid depression in patients with OA. Consequently, the scoping review\u2019s objective is to map the existing literature on risk factors for comorbid depression in individuals with OA. Furthermore, the review is expected to provide important information for further in-depth investigation and the development of predictive tools to support the early identification of patients with OA at risk of comorbid depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The intended review will target studies reporting risk factors for comorbid depression in individuals with OA. All available primary and grey literature will be considered for inclusion. Only articles published in English or German will be included in the review. The review will follow the format specified by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Original research in published and unpublished literature from inception until August 2024 will be included in the review. The databases to be searched will include PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo and Web of Science. In addition, further literature will be identified by searching the reference lists of the included studies. Three reviewers will independently screen the identified studies for final inclusion. The data will be extracted and presented in tabular form and in a narrative summary that aligns with the review\u2019s objective. Furthermore, a quality assessment of the included studies will be conducted using appropriate tools, and the results will be incorporated into the synthesis. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics committee approval will not be required because only published and publicly available data will be examined to answer the research question of the scoping review. We will not collect any personal information or any information that requires ethical approval. Following the conclusion of the review, the information will be disseminated to clinicians, health administrators and researchers via publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T16:56:42Z","timestamp":1741021002000},"page":"e093353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring risk factors for comorbid depression in osteoarthritis: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0828-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin Maria","family":"Bogensberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9311-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Schaffler-Schaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Christian-Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Hitzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Management (RIM) Department, Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Trials, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibiane","family":"Steinecker-Frohnwieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"van der Zee-Neuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05091-5","article-title":"Projected number of osteoarthritis patients in Austria for the next decades - quantifying the necessity of treatment and prevention strategies in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Hitzl","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw001"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05137-8","article-title":"Bidirectional association between knee osteoarthritis and depressive symptoms: evidence from a nationwide population-based cohort","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S93516","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in patients with osteoarthritis: impact and management challenges","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Access Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prado LD da S do , Ramos MEK , Camargo JDC , et al . Relationship between pain, functional limitations, dependence, depression and osteoarthritis in older adults. Fisioter Mov 2023;36. doi:10.1590\/fm.2023.36202","DOI":"10.1590\/fm.2023.36202.0"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S346183"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00047-5"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.8","unstructured":"Nowotny M , Kern D , Breyer E . Eine Interdisziplin\u00e4re Und Multiperspektivische Bestandsaufnahme. 2019."},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05847-9"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab512"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/327161","article-title":"Depression and the Overall Burden of Painful Joints: An Examination among Individuals Undergoing Hip and Knee Replacement for Osteoarthritis","volume":"2015","author":"Gandhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03875-1","article-title":"Depression in patients with knee osteoarthritis: risk factors and associations with joint symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1019367","article-title":"Potential value of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and S100B for identifying major depressive disorder in knee osteoarthritis patients","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20240821-10","article-title":"Risk Factors for Depression in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"18","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"2025101814514474000_15.3.e093353.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093353","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T21:51:53Z","timestamp":1760824313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093353","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.08.26.24312577","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}