{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T16:58:41Z","timestamp":1783011521404,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740182400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000761","name":"Imperial College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WSSU.G36137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WSSU.G36137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to gather insights from a diverse group of stakeholders, identify existing challenges and explore associated solutions to develop a conceptual framework that assists in the development of a chronic low back pain (CLBP) self-management app.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Codesign workshop methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was conducted online, allowing for the participation of a diverse group of stakeholders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited through social media platforms and professional networks, including individuals with LBP for at least 3\u2009months, healthcare professionals experienced in CLBP management and app developers with a background in digital health applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used codesign workshops focused on brainstorming, communication and reflection exercises designed to foster collaboration and gather insights from stakeholders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of key challenges and potential solutions for mobile health (mHealth) apps targeting CLBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine stakeholders identified four primary challenges in current back pain apps: belief and trust, motivation, safety and usability. The group also collaboratively developed and proposed practical solutions to these challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study illustrated the utility of the codesign workshop approach in generating critical insights for the development of a mHealth solution for CLBP. The insights gathered from these workshops can be used to inform future app development, potentially improving user engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T22:35:46Z","timestamp":1740263746000},"page":"e093386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using codesign workshops to develop a conceptual framework for a mobile health app targeting chronic low back pain self-management"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8785-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kirby-Ginns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Art, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-8829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison H","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603385666000_15.2.e093386.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Campos TF . 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