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The three dimensions evaluated for adherence to the care process were adherence to treatment, retention in care and virological response. HICs were characterised according to the World Bank\u2019s definition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 601 studies screened, 69 were included (26 (38%) analysing treatment adherence 44 (64%) 44 (64%) retention in care and 34 (48%) virological response). In 49 (71%) of these studies, MLHIV from sub-Saharan Africa accounted for the majority of persons included. MLHIV were mainly categorised according to their geographical region of origin. Only one study considered the reasons for migration. Of 52 statistically significant associations, only five found that being a migrant (vs being a non-migrant) was associated with a better HIV care process. Moreover, several individual (sociodemographic, clinical and psychological), and structural (care system organisation and political) factors associated with difficulties in adhering to the HIV care process were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MLHIV living in HIC had poorer adherence to the HIV care process for all three dimensions studied (ie, treatment adherence, retention in care and virological response). Research studies categorise MLHIV according to their geographical origin. However, this type of categorisation does not adequately capture social inequalities in health. To overcome this, studies must instead categorise MLHIV according to various intersecting factors, including, among other things, their reason for migrating, the length of time living in the destination country and violence experienced during their migratory journey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD42021253280.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:35:13Z","timestamp":1746768913000},"page":"e093620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["How do migrants living with HIV adhere to the HIV care process in high-income countries? 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