{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:35:04Z","timestamp":1768343704764,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000245","name":"Michael Smith Health Research BC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lotte & John Hecht Memorial Foundation Scholar Awa"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lotte & John Hecht Memorial Foundation Scholar Awa"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Episodic Disability and Rehabilitation (Kelly K. O"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Episodic Disability and Rehabilitation (Kelly K. O"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Prevention and management of chronic pain (Jason W"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Prevention and management of chronic pain (Jason W"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Musculoskeletal an"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Musculoskeletal an"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Long COVID Web - Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["FRN 185352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRN 185352"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our aim is to develop a Framework of Measurement for people living with Long COVID and their caregivers for use in Long COVID research and clinical practice. Specifically, we will characterise evidence pertaining to outcome measurement and identify implementation considerations for use of outcome measures among adults and children living with Long COVID and their caregivers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We will conduct a scoping study involving: (1) an evidence review and (2) a two-phased consultation, using methodological steps outlined by the Arksey and O\u2019Malley Framework and Joanna Briggs Institute. We will answer the following question: What is known about outcome measures used to describe, evaluate or predict health outcomes among adults and children living with Long COVID and their caregivers? Evidence review: we will review peer review published and grey literature to identify existing outcome measures and their reported measurement properties with people living with Long COVID and their caregivers. We will search databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus for articles published since 2020. Two authors will independently review titles and abstracts, followed by full text to select articles that discuss or use outcome measures for Long COVID health outcomes, pertain to adults or children living with Long COVID and\/or their caregivers and are based in research or clinical settings. We will extract data including article characteristics, terminology and definition of Long COVID, health outcomes assessed, characteristics of outcome measures, measurement properties and implementation considerations. We will collate and summarise data to establish a preliminary Framework of Measurement. Consultation phase 1: we will conduct an environmental scan involving a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire among individuals with experience using or completing outcome measures for Long COVID, to identify outcome measures not found in the evidence review and explore implementation considerations for outcome measurement in the context of Long COVID. Consultation phase 2: we will conduct focus groups to review the preliminary Framework of Measurement and to highlight implementation considerations for outcome measurement in Long COVID. We will analyse questionnaire and focus group data using descriptive and content analytical approaches. We will refine the Framework of Measurement based on the focus group consultation using community-engaged approaches with the research team.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Protocol approved by the University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (protocol #46503) for the consultation phases of the study. Outcomes will include a Framework of Measurement, to enhance measurement of health outcomes in Long COVID research and clinical practice. Knowledge translation will also occur in the form of publications and presentations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-094497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T14:40:16Z","timestamp":1756824016000},"page":"e094497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing a framework of measurement for use in Long COVID research and practice: protocol for a scoping review involving evidence review and consultation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0331-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiera","family":"McDuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 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Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2427-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas P","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Janaudis-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7366-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta and Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Women and Children\u2019s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiten","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Post-COVID-19 Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Network, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-1991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theone S E","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"},{"name":"Rotman Research 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