{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:30:28Z","timestamp":1789140628848,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Interregional Amazon Cooperation Program","award":["IACP N\u00b0 Synergie 8754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IACP N\u00b0 Synergie 8754"]}]},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne"},{"name":"Regional Health Agency of French Guiana"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Informal gold mining represents a major source of mercury pollution worldwide. People involved in informal gold mining in French Guiana are mainly migrants from Brazil and represent an exposed, mobile and hard-to-reach population. This study assessed mercury poisoning in this particular population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicentre, cross-sectional survey, conducted in 2022, included participants using snowball sampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusions took place in the logistical rare bases of gold mining at the border between French Guiana and Brazil and French Guiana and Suriname.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between September and December 2022, 539 participants were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were being over 18 years, working in gold mines in French Guiana and having left the mine for less than 7\u2009days. Among them, 526 had a usable blood sample, and 439 had a usable hair sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After giving informed consent, the participants received a questionnaire, a medical examination and provided a dried blood spot and a hair sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median concentration of mercury in hair was 4.5 \u00b5g\/g (IQR=1.3\u20139.4), and 46.7% of the study population (205\/439) had a concentration above 5 \u00b5g\/g and 23.7% (104\/439) above 10 \u00b5g\/g. This population is highly exposed to mercury inhalation, with 59.0% performing or witnessing the gold amalgamation process, using minimal protective measures. Piscivorous fish consumption is another potential source of contamination, with 82.0% reporting consumption in the previous month. This digestive source of exposure seems to be associated with mercury hair concentration. We observed a geographical heterogeneity of mercury exposure, with lower levels of poisoning in the eastern part of the region. Higher hair mercury concentrations were found in individuals with a history of malaria attacks and with systolic blood pressure above 160 mm Hg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mercury intoxication in this population is concerning and comparable to levels observed in other Amazonian communities. Physicians treating women working in gold mines should assess mercury concentrations in their hair and provide appropriate guidance. Comprehensive clinical investigations are needed in future studies to accurately assess neuropsychological impacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-094535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T09:00:38Z","timestamp":1745571638000},"page":"e094535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A cross-sectional study assessing mercury exposure and poisoning among workers in informal gold mines in French Guiana"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4616-6690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maylis","family":"Douine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teddy","family":"Bardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Adenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Suarez-Mutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Vreden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Scientific research in Suriname (SWOS), Paramaribo, Suriname"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pharmacologie M\u00e9dicale et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Equipe ContEm \u2013 UMR 5151 Hydrosciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d\u2019Investigation Clinique Guyane, Inserm 1424, UA17, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120518451328000_15.4.e094535.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg032"},{"key":"2025120518451328000_15.4.e094535.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3904","article-title":"A state-of-the-science review of mercury biomarkers in human populations worldwide between 2000 and 2018","volume":"126","author":"Basu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2025120518451328000_15.4.e094535.3","unstructured":"UN Environment Programme . 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