{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:40:35Z","timestamp":1787064035095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA028224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA028224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIHR FRN 477887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIHR FRN 477887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-00164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-00164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol consumption poses a significant health risk, contributing to 10% of deaths in the WHO European Region. To combat this, the WHO recommends the implementation of its \u2018best buy\u2019 policies\u2014three cost-effective alcohol policies that include higher taxes, restricted availability and marketing bans. While evidence links alcohol marketing to increased consumption, the effectiveness of marketing bans in decreasing alcohol use remains inconclusive. Lithuania\u2019s 2018 comprehensive alcohol marketing ban offers a unique opportunity to measure the impact of this particular \u2018best buy\u2019 control policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will analyse repeated cross-sectional measures of alcohol use among 15-year-old and 16-year-old adolescents from Lithuania and other five European Union countries (Estonia, France, Italy, Latvia and Poland). Data from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs collected between 2003 and 2019 will be used, as well as longitudinal alcohol policy data meticulously gathered through official records, supplemented by relevant literature and consultations with national authorities. Although all six countries introduced best buy alcohol policies\u2014primarily via excise tax increases implemented at different times\u2014only Lithuania implemented a full marketing ban. Generalised linear mixed models will be employed to assess the impact of national alcohol marketing restrictions on alcohol consumption, controlling for participant characteristics, social behaviours and country-level variables such as other alcohol control policies evaluated through a partial Bridging the Gap (BtG) scale. Sensitivity analyses will explore different outcome time periods and model specifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Research Ethics Board of the primary recipient of the grant has approved the secondary data analyses as outlined in the grant proposal (CAMH REB 050\/2020 delegated review, renewed annually). The study results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared with policymakers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-094586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T09:15:43Z","timestamp":1742116543000},"page":"e094586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing the impact of Lithuania\u2019s 2018 alcohol marketing ban on adolescent alcohol use by comparing trends with five EU control countries: a study protocol for a secondary data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1231-3760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Manthey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Allebeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"M\u00e5nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409455459000_15.3.e094586.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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