{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:46:42Z","timestamp":1791467202142,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccine hesitancy remains a critical public health challenge, especially in high-income countries. Gender differences in vaccine hesitancy can significantly affect vaccination rates and public health outcomes. The aim of this research is performing an umbrella review and meta-analysis to systematically investigate gender disparities in vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 in high-income countries, as well as the quality, potential biases and dependability of epidemiological evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study will systematically search, extract and analyse data from reported systematic reviews and meta-analyses that focus specifically on gender differences in vaccine hesitancy. The search will include CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed\/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Epistemonikos for studies published from 2019 onward. The inclusion criteria will encompass systematic reviews and meta-analyses of non-interventional studies conducted in high-income countries. The identified factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy will be categorised based on demographic, psychological, social and economic dimensions. The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses will be assessed using the \u201cJoanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses\u201d tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required for this umbrella review. These results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42024572978.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-095490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:10:20Z","timestamp":1751587820000},"page":"e095490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gender disparities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in high-income countries: an umbrella review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4639-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian J","family":"Wiedermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana Landesfachhochschule f\u00fcr Gesundheitsberufe, Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Noviello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3279-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Stefanizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Piccoliori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana Landesfachhochschule f\u00fcr Gesundheitsberufe, Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolf","family":"Engl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana Landesfachhochschule f\u00fcr Gesundheitsberufe, Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4194-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvio","family":"Tafuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121220485359000_15.7.e095490.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30092-6","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy: a generation at risk","volume":"3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"2025121220485359000_15.7.e095490.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zintel S , Flock C , Arbogast AL , et al . 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