{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T00:38:45Z","timestamp":1760834325550,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Orthopaedic Association Legacy Grant","award":["Not Applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not Applicable"]}]},{"name":"Arthrex WeCan Grant","award":["2024-003-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-003-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postoperative pain management is a major concern for patients undergoing distal radius open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Inadequate pain control negatively impacts patient\u2019s satisfaction and may increase opioid use. Topical tranexamic acid (TXA) has been demonstrated as an effective intervention that reduced acute postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty. There is no study evaluating the effects of TXA on acute postoperative pain for distal radius ORIF. This study aims to evaluate the effect of topical TXA administration during isolated distal radius ORIF on early postoperative pain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of topical TRanexamic Acid versus placebo on acute postoperative pain following Distal Radius fracture fixation (TRADR) study is a randomised controlled double-blinded trial that will enrol 90 patients, 18 years of age or older, undergoing volar open reduction internal fixation. Patients will be randomly assigned to topical TXA versus topical saline (placebo) in a 1:1 ratio. The surgeon at the time of surgical closure after standard distal radius fixation will apply either 1\u2009g of topical TXA (100\u2009mg\/mL; treatment group) or 10\u2009mL of saline (control group) to the wound and let it sit for 5\u2009min. Surgeons, patients, and outcome assessors will be blinded to the treatment group. The primary outcome is acute postsurgical pain as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Pain outcomes will be between postoperative days 0 to 7, and at 2 and 6\u2009weeks postsurgery. The secondary outcomes include opioid usage, unscheduled emergency visits, wrist swelling and adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was approved by the University Health Network Research Ethics Board (REB 23\u20135708). The results of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented at related conferences. The principal investigator will communicate the results with patients who have indicated an interest in knowing the results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06384456\">NCT06384456<\/jats:ext-link>, April 26, 2024; Pre-enrolment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Protocol version<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Version 2.0: August 26, 2024.<\/jats:p>\n               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