{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T02:59:42Z","timestamp":1755226782359,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tartu University Hospital","award":["23049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23049"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002301","name":"Eesti Teadusagentuur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRG 1437","PRG 2078","PSG 610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRG 1437","PRG 2078","PSG 610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002301","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an effective treatment for severe osteoarthritis. However, THA has a high surgical risk for patients with concomitant diseases and is associated with several serious complications, such as myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury and cognitive dysfunction. This study will explore the potential protective effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) in cemented THA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PRINCIPAL study is designed as a randomised, controlled, parallel-group, blinded trial to assess the impact of RIPC in cemented THA patients. The study will compare two patient groups\u2014one group will have the RIPC procedure, and the second will have the sham procedure. The primary outcome is the peak troponin T concentration during the three postoperative days. Secondary outcomes include markers of arterial stiffness (augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central blood pressures), neural (neuron-specific enolase, S100B) and renal injury biomarkers (estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, cystatin C), markers of systemic inflammation (hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1\u03b2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-10) and oxidative stress (total peroxide concentration, total antioxidant capacity), as well as clinical outcome measures such as major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ethical board of the University of Tartu has granted approval for the study (no. 384T-26). The results of this study will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06323018\">NCT06323018<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-096433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T18:20:18Z","timestamp":1750702818000},"page":"e096433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Remote ischaemic preconditioning in cemented hip arthroplasty (the PRINCIPAL study)\u2014randomised controlled trial: study 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