{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T23:21:37Z","timestamp":1793575297852,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20220530145001002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20220530145001002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the potential of large language models (LLMs) in health education for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)\/spondyloarthritis (SpA), focusing on the accuracy of information transmission, patient acceptance and performance differences between different models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, single-blind study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple centres in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>182 volunteers, including 4 rheumatologists and 178 patients with AS\/SpA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scientificity, precision and accessibility of the content of the answers provided by LLMs; patient acceptance of the answers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLMs performed well in terms of scientificity, precision and accessibility, with ChatGPT-4o and Kimi models outperforming traditional guidelines. Most patients with AS\/SpA showed a higher level of understanding and acceptance of the responses from LLMs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLMs have significant potential in medical knowledge transmission and patient education, making them promising tools for future medical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-097528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T23:40:36Z","timestamp":1742773236000},"page":"e097528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluating the performance of large language models in health education for patients with ankylosing spondylitis\/spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional, single-blind study in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4205-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue-ning","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang-yan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanxuan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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