{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:57:01Z","timestamp":1767193021373,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune disease can greatly affect pregnancy outcomes, leading to increased health risks for both mothers and fetuses. Vitiligo is a common chronic skin condition characterised by the loss of pigment. However, there is controversy regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) associated with this condition. Our scoping review aims to explore and summarise the existing literature on pregnancy outcomes in patients with vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review will follow the five-stage methodological framework introduced by Arksey and O\u2019Malley. This stages approach encompasses the following stages: (a) identifying the research questions, (b) identifying relevant research studies, (c) selecting studies, (d) extracting and charting the data and (e) summarising, analysing and reporting the results. We will search two databases, PubMed and Scopus, for published literature up to January 2025 using keywords related to pregnancy outcomes and vitiligo. All retrieved articles will be organised using EndNote software. Two trained reviewers will complete title and abstract screening, full-text screening and data charting. The data will be presented using different strategies, including tables and graphs, to map pregnancy outcomes in patients with vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scoping review will not involve direct contact with humans or patients; therefore, ethical approval is not required for this protocol. The data analysis will focus on exploring APOs in patients with vitiligo. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T07:40:39Z","timestamp":1754552439000},"page":"e098022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pregnancy outcomes and vitiligo: protocol for a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8943-7695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behnaz","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahin","family":"Afroushe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5496-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Esmaeili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences\/Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.07.010"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-014-0098-6","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Vitiligo","volume":"4","author":"Silverberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Derm Rep"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Picardo M , Ta\u00efeb A . Vitiligo. Springer, 2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62960-5"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2012.00997.x"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.013"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13839","article-title":"Living with vitiligo: results from a national survey indicate differences between skin phototypes","volume":"173","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102833","article-title":"Vitiligo and pregnancy: How do each affect the other?","volume":"70","author":"Abdelhafez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.063","article-title":"Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with vitiligo: A cross-sectional study","volume":"74","author":"Gill","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13846","article-title":"Increased risk of comorbid rheumatic disorders in vitiligo patients: A nationwide population\u2010based study","volume":"44","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38368","article-title":"Pregnancy Outcome After Methotrexate Treatment for Rheumatic Disease Prior to or During Early Pregnancy: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"66","author":"Weber\u2010Schoendorfer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2022.18","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1\/anti-TNF-\u03b1 drugs and its effect on pregnancy outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242417306","article-title":"Vitiligo: Pathogenesis and New and Emerging Treatments","volume":"24","author":"Perez-Bootello","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1690-3","article-title":"Enhanced Th1 and Th17 responses in peripheral blood in active non-segmental vitiligo","volume":"308","author":"Zhen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248651","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with vitiligo: A Taiwanese nationwide cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Hung","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.036","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in patients with vitiligo: A nationwide population-based cohort study from Korea","volume":"79","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.0276","article-title":"Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Long-Term Mortality in Women","volume":"184","author":"Crump","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1592S"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019797","article-title":"Maternal and fetal complications associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: an updated meta-analysis of the most recent studies (2017\u20132019)","volume":"99","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-3677-x"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.181460"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2020-000400","article-title":"Outcomes of pregnancy and associated factors in sub-Saharan African women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a scoping review","volume":"7","author":"Essouma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2023.2205513","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes of SLE in pregnancy: a literature review","volume":"43","author":"Sangah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.24","first-page":"183","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in women with psoriasis","volume":"53","author":"Ben-David","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02128-1","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review","volume":"402","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angum F , Khan T , Kaler J , et al . The Prevalence of Autoimmune Disorders in Women: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2020;12. doi:10.7759\/cureus.8094","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.8094"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.12691\/ijcd-3-4-8","article-title":"The world incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases is increasing","volume":"3","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Celiac Dis"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04823-8","article-title":"Preeclampsia in systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06436-0","article-title":"Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15587","article-title":"Systematic review with meta\u2010analysis: risk of adverse pregnancy\u2010related outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"51","author":"Tandon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.31","first-page":"563","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus (Los Angel)"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/10641955.2021.1921792","article-title":"Does multiple sclerosis increase the risk of preeclampsia? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Arafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X211041899","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis in pregnancy: Systematic review and case series","volume":"15","author":"Banner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.08.011","article-title":"Pregnancy in axial spondyloarthropathy: A systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Maguire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04839.x","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in women with vitiligo","volume":"50","author":"Horev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatology"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-6-7","article-title":"Asking the right questions: Scoping studies in the commissioning of research on the organisation and delivery of health services","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Sys"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.38","first-page":"141","article-title":"Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews","volume":"13","author":"Peters","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Implementation"},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.39","unstructured":"Mays N , Roberts E , Popay J . Synthesising research evidence. In: Studying the organisation and delivery of health services. Routledge, 2004: 200\u201332."},{"key":"2025123106454137000_15.8.e098022.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:46:24Z","timestamp":1767192384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}