{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T03:31:34Z","timestamp":1778038294151,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10140262210012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10140262210012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006315","name":"ReumaNederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sint Maartenskliniek","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"ReumaStichting MaartensKliniek","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"Tiofarma","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease in which low-grade inflammation is considered to play a pivotal role. Although colchicine is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of gout, its effect in OA is still disputed due to inconsistent results of short-term clinical trials. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effect of long-term colchicine 0.5\u2009mg once daily on the incidence of knee or hip replacements in patients with knee or hip OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ECHO trial is a prospective, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial in which 1200 participants with knee or hip OA tolerant to colchicine during a 30-day run-in period will be 1:1 randomised to colchicine 0.5\u2009mg once daily or matching placebo using concealed allocation. The primary endpoint is the time from randomisation to the first knee or hip replacement assessed up to 4.5 years. Secondary endpoints include course of pain, physical function, joint space narrowing, low-grade inflammation, quality of life, clinical or radiological onset of OA in a new joint group other than present at baseline, number of participants using pain medication during the study, onset of new cardiovascular events (ie, myocardial infarction, ischaemia-driven coronary revascularisation, ischaemic stroke, peripheral artery disease or cardiovascular death) and direct and indirect costs related to treatment and disease burden due to OA. Harm-related endpoints include the number of (serious) adverse events, the number of withdrawals due to (serious) adverse events and changes in laboratory data (ie, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and alanine transferase) throughout the study. The primary analysis will be performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial has been approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee East-Netherlands. Findings will be presented at scientific meetings and published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06578182\">NCT06578182<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:50:21Z","timestamp":1744631421000},"page":"e098096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre study assessing the effect of colchicine on the incidence of knee or hip replacements in symptomatic knee or hip osteoarthritis: the ECHO trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06578182","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06578182","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2148-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle W J","family":"Heijman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia H M","family":"van den Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan H","family":"Cornel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, Netherlands"},{"name":"Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (WCN), Utrecht, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M H","family":"Smolders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9362-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk J","family":"Schers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wietske","family":"Kievit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Koeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart J F","family":"van den Bemt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Calin D","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120601091466000_15.4.e098096.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42089","article-title":"Prevalence Trends of Site-Specific Osteoarthritis From 1990 to 2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"74","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025120601091466000_15.4.e098096.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00163-7"},{"key":"2025120601091466000_15.4.e098096.3","unstructured":"Osteoarthritis: A serious disease . 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