{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T23:59:25Z","timestamp":1772668765162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital","award":["BYSYZD2024004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYSYZD2024004"]}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-2G-4 0910"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2G-4 0910"]}]},{"name":"Cohort Projects of Peking University Third Hospital","award":["BYSYDL2019005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYSYDL2019005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFC2705504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC2705504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant factor contributing to infertility. For some infertile patients, chest radiography (CXR) screenings prior to assisted reproductive treatment (ART) reveal old\/inactive TB lesions. However, the pregnancy outcomes after ART for such patients who had a history of prior anti-TB treatment remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peking University Third Hospital, a tertiary care centre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analysed and focused on infertile patients aged 20\u201350 years with prior TB lesions on CXR (treated\/untreated) and normal CXR. Active TB cases were excluded from this study. Patients were categorised into three groups based on CXR findings and prior anti-TB treatment: treated prior-pulmonary TB (PTB) group, untreated prior-PTB group and a non-PTB control group with normal CXR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ART outcomes, including clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and live birth rate, were compared among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 8769 patients analysed, including treated prior-PTB group (n=171), untreated prior-PTB group (n=791) and non-PTB group (n=7807). The treated prior-PTB group showed a similar clinical pregnancy rate (41.5% vs 38.1%, p=0.360) and live birth rate (35.3% vs 30.6%, p=0.187) compared with the non-PTB group. The miscarriage rate was slightly lower in the treated prior-PTB group than in the non-PTB group (11.3% vs 15.5%, p=0.325), although the discrepancy was not statistically significant. Compared with the untreated prior-PTB group, the treated prior-PTB group exhibited significantly higher live birth rate (35.3% vs 23.8%, p&lt;0.05), clinical pregnancy rate (41.5% vs 31.7%, p&lt;0.05) and with a lower miscarriage rate (11.3% vs 19.1%, p=0.123), although the latter was not statistically significant. Multivariable regression confirmed significantly higher live birth rates in the treated prior-PTB group versus untreated prior-PTB group (aOR: 1.69, 95%\u2009CI: 1.01 to 2.83, p=0.045).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-TB treatment in infertile women with prior PTB lesions was associated with improved ART outcomes, comparable to those in patients without TB lesions. This suggests a potential clinical benefit of anti-TB treatment in improving reproductive outcomes in this population. Further research is warranted to explore ART outcomes in patients with untreated prior TB lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-098692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T10:05:42Z","timestamp":1752833142000},"page":"e098692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of prior anti-tuberculosis treatment on assisted reproductive outcomes in infertile women: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zikang","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8707-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Gai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9834-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"HongBin","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3281-8854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Untreated Prior Pulmonary Tuberculosis Adversely Affects Pregnancy Outcomes in Infertile Women Undergoing in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"34","author":"Gai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02161","article-title":"Etiopathogenesis, Challenges and Remedies Associated With Female Genital Tuberculosis: Potential Role of Nuclear Receptors","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2024.01007"},{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003255","article-title":"Tuberculosis in infertility and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer","volume":"137","author":"Gai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091498"},{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5562495","article-title":"Epidemiology and Association Rules Analysis for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis from Age and Gender Perspective: A Large-Scale Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study in China","volume":"2023","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025121605155592000_15.7.e098692.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gai X , Chi H , Zeng L , et al . n.d. 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