{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:39:11Z","timestamp":1790617151733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751846400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024216","name":"College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024216","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the need for robust multisectoral coordination; yet the specific mechanisms, benefits and challenges of such collaboration particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain poorly synthesised. This review aims to delineate the key elements, benefits, challenges and improvement strategies of multisectoral coordination during COVID-19 and to compare patterns between LMICs and high-income countries (HICs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eligible studies will include empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods research published in English between 1 January 2020 and 15 August 2024 that examines formal coordination mechanisms (eg, task forces, public-private partnerships, inter-agency committees) within the context of COVID-19. Searches will be conducted across PubMed, EBSCOhost, Emerald Insight, Google Scholar and selected grey-literature repositories. Citation chaining will be employed to identify additional sources.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Two reviewers will independently screen all records using Covidence, applying pre-piloted eligibility criteria to 5% of citations and proceeding only if inter-rater reliability achieves \u03ba\u22650.70. Data will be extracted into a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)-informed template. Qualitative data will be analysed through framework synthesis, structured by the five CFIR domains. Quantitative data will be narratively summarised and, where outcomes are sufficiently similar across at least two studies, synthesised using a fixed-effect model.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of bias will be assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions for non-randomised studies. Studies with serious or critical risk will be excluded from pooling. Subgroup analyses (LMIC vs HIC), sensitivity analyses (model and risk) and confidence grading using Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations will be conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No primary data will be collected; thus additional Research Ethics Committee approval is unnecessary. The results will be disseminated via open-access publication, conference presentations and policy briefs for Nairobi County health stakeholders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42023466849.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T21:30:39Z","timestamp":1751923839000},"page":"e099016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multisectoral coordination during the COVID-19 pandemic: practices, challenges and recommendations for future preparedness\u2014a systematic literature review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1073-0192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javan Solomon","family":"Okello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themba","family":"Ginindza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KZN, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius N","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor P , McCarthy M . Glossary: Building a Better World: The Crisis and Opportunity of Covid-19. IDS Bull 2021;52. doi:10.19088\/1968-2021.114","DOI":"10.19088\/1968-2021.114"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac079","article-title":"Not for us, without us: examining horizontal coordination between the Ministry of Health and other sectors to advance health goals in Uganda","volume":"37","author":"Ssennyonjo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eteng W-E , Lilay A , Tekeste S , et al . Strengthening COVID-19 pandemic response coordination through public health emergency operations centres (PHEOC) in Africa: Review of a multi-faceted knowledge management and sharing approach, 2020-2021. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023;3. doi:10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001386","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001386"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences E and M and NA of M . Countering the pandemic threat through global coordination on vaccines. National Academies Press, 2021:11.Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/26284","DOI":"10.17226\/26284"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03003930.2022.2042683","article-title":"From centralisation to new ways of multi-level coordination: Spain\u2019s intergovernmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"48","author":"Navarro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Local Government Studies"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100221","article-title":"Multi-country collaboration in responding to global infectious disease threats: lessons for Europe from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Jit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-023-01098-z","article-title":"Multi-sectoral collaborations in selected countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region: assessment, enablers and missed opportunities from the COVID-19 pandemic response","volume":"22","author":"El-Jardali","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08510-4","article-title":"Challenges for implementation of inter-sectoral efforts to improve outbreak response using consolidated framework for implementation research; Iran\u2019s COVID-19 experience","volume":"22","author":"Mirzania","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.9","first-page":"1913","article-title":"The Role of Intersectoral Action in Response to COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of the Roles of Academia and the Private Sector in Colombia","volume":"11","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"2025121514301882000_15.7.e099016.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onyoin M , Galimaka DB , Nabatanzi-Muyimba AK . Governing multi-sectorial partnerships in emergencies: the case of the Uganda covid-19 task force. In: Responsible management of shifts in work modes\u2013values for a post pandemic future. 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