{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:14:08Z","timestamp":1783725248787,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BTRU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BTRU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Haematological cancers are common in the UK, with a variety of morphologies. Stem cell transplants and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies provide significant options for hard to treat haematological cancers, although with difficult to predict outcomes. Research into the determinates of treatment efficacy, and access to treatments, is key to ensuring equal benefit across patients and patient safety. With this, there are concerns about the small representation of minority groups in related research. We aim to report on the current knowledge to guide future research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A variety of databases will be searched for literature on UK minority ethnic populations receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplant or CAR T-cell therapy. Searches will be restricted to the year 2011 or later. Many outcomes will be analysed, covering the patient care pathway for those of the target population, although with a focus on follow-up after therapy. Plans have been made to conduct narrative synthesis, with meta-analysis where applicable.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ethical approval is not required for this study. Outputs will be published in an appropriate journal and discussed with the wider National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Precision Transplant and Cellular Therapeutics (BTRU) group. Discussions will also be undertaken with the BTRU patient partners group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T19:50:26Z","timestamp":1747857026000},"page":"e099354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protocol: what are the ethnic inequities in care outcomes related to haematological malignancies, treated with transplant\/cellular therapies, in the UK? A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2904-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Cusworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zareen","family":"Deplano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair K","family":"Denniston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6816-1279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishnarajah","family":"Nirantharakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Adderley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joht Singh","family":"Chandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.1","unstructured":"Blood Cancer UK . Blood cancer UK | facts and information about blood cancer. 2024. Available: https:\/\/bloodcancer.org.uk\/news\/blood-cancer-facts\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.2","unstructured":"Haematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation-hsct-all-ages.pdf. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Haematopoietic-Stem-Cell-Transplantation-HSCT-All-Ages.pdf"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-23-0056","article-title":"Baseline Serum Inflammatory Proteins Predict Poor CAR T Outcomes in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma","volume":"5","author":"Faramand","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.4","unstructured":"Smart A . Engaging patients from minority ethnic groups with clinical trials for blood cancer. Blood Cancer UK; 2021. Available: http:\/\/researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk\/14222\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02209-x","article-title":"Socio-economic and ethnic disparities in childhood cancer survival, Yorkshire, UK","volume":"128","author":"Cromie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-021-00164-5","article-title":"Inflation of tumor mutation burden by tumor-only sequencing in under-represented groups","volume":"5","author":"Asmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09124.x"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2022.102410","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for prediction of treatment outcomes in breast cancer: Systematic review of design, reporting standards, and bias","volume":"108","author":"Corti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.10.S14","article-title":"Inequalities in cancer screening, prevention and service engagement between UK ethnic minority groups","volume":"31","author":"Abraham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p2091","article-title":"Under-representation of women in research: a status quo that is a scandal","volume":"382","author":"Abbasi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.11","unstructured":"Care Act . King\u2019s printer of acts of parliament. 2014. Available: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2014\/23\/contents\/enacted"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.12","unstructured":"Health research authority. 2023 Available: https:\/\/www.hra.nhs.uk\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.13","unstructured":"Participation E . Equality act. Statute Law Database; 2010. Available: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2010\/15\/contents"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.14","unstructured":"Health and care act 2022. King\u2019s Printer of Acts of Parliament; 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2022\/31\/contents\/enacted"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.15","unstructured":"Health and social care act 2012. King\u2019s Printer of Acts of Parliament; 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2012\/7\/contents\/enacted"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-778225"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.17","unstructured":"No_patient_left_behind_final.pdf. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.anthonynolan.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-05\/no_patient_left_behind_final.pdf"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-018-0699-4","article-title":"Registration of systematic reviews in PROSPERO: 30,000 records and counting","volume":"7","author":"Page","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.20","unstructured":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 2023. Available: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.21","unstructured":"JBI critical appraisal tools. JBI; 2023. Available: https:\/\/jbi.global\/critical-appraisal-tools"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.22","unstructured":"HSCT-adult-indications_final.pdf. 2024. Available: https:\/\/bsbmtct.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/HSCT-Adult-Indications_final.pdf"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.23","unstructured":"Paeds-bmt-indications-2022.pdf. 2024. Available: https:\/\/bsbmtct.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Paeds-BMT-indications-2022.pdf"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.24","unstructured":"Blood cancer UK . Blood cancer types. Blood cancer UK; 2024. Available: https:\/\/bloodcancer.org.uk\/understanding-blood-cancer\/blood-cancer-types\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.25","unstructured":"ICD-10 version:2019. 2024. Available: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.06.012","article-title":"Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A 2021 Update on Genetics, Diagnosis, and Novel Therapeutics","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.27","unstructured":"Writing about ethnicity. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk\/style-guide\/writing-about-ethnicity"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.28","unstructured":"Cochrane reviews. cochrane library; 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.29","unstructured":"Epistemonikos: database of the best evidence-based health care. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.epistemonikos.org\/en\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.30","unstructured":"Wiley online library. Campbell Systematic Reviews; 2023. Available: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/18911803"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.31","unstructured":"Health evidence. 2023 Available: https:\/\/www.healthevidence.org\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.32","unstructured":"Wolters kluwer . Medline. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/medline\/medline_home.html"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.33","unstructured":"PubMed. 2023 Available: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.34","unstructured":"OPENGREY.EU - grey literature database. 2023. Available: https:\/\/opengrey.eu\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.35","unstructured":"Embase | the comprehensive medical research database. Elsevier; 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/products\/embase"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.36","unstructured":"Evidence-based medicine reviews (EBMR). 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/en\/solutions\/ovid\/evidencebased-medicine-reviews-ebmr-904"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.37","unstructured":"Web of science platform. Clarivate; 2023. Available: https:\/\/clarivate.com\/products\/scientific-and-academic-research\/research-discovery-and-workflow-solutions\/webofscience-platform\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.38","unstructured":"Scopus | abstract and citation database. Elsevier; 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/products\/scopus"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.39","unstructured":"ProQuest . Databases, ebooks and technology for research. 2023. Available: https:\/\/about.proquest.com\/en\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.40","unstructured":"Rossum G , Drake FL . Python 3 Reference Manual. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace, 2009."},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.41","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia Veritas Health Innovation. Available: www.covidence.org"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.42","unstructured":"Zotero . Your personal research assistant. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.zotero.org\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.43","unstructured":"Papis. 2024. Available: https:\/\/github.com\/papis\/papis"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.44","unstructured":"ZSH - the z shell. 2023. Available: https:\/\/zsh.sourceforge.io\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.45","unstructured":"Pdftotext(1). 2023 Available: https:\/\/www.xpdfreader.com\/pdftotext-man.html"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.46","unstructured":"The Cochrane Public Health Group . Data extraction and assessment template. 2011. Available: https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?client=internal-element-cse&cx=001475158397791207529:bzkn3tovurg&q=https:\/\/ph.cochrane.org\/sites\/ph.cochrane.org\/files\/public\/uploads\/CPHG%2520Data%2520extraction%2520template_0.docx&sa=U&ved=2ahUKEwiemJziydyCAxWkQ0EAHZp7DxAQFnoECAAQAg&usg=AOvVaw2biySTYj3t8SvWFF1cPmn5"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.47","article-title":"Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.48","unstructured":"Chapter 8: assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. 2023. Available: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-08"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.49","unstructured":"Chapter 10: analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. 2023. Available: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-10"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.50","unstructured":"R Core Team . R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.51","unstructured":"RStudio Team . RStudio: integrated development environment for R. Boston, MA RStudio, PBC; 2020. Available: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.52","unstructured":"Chapter 13: assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. 2023 Available: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-13"},{"key":"2025052106252042000_15.5.e099354.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T19:50:56Z","timestamp":1747857056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099354","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}