{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:13:49Z","timestamp":1789773229283,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Talent Support Project for the Development of Hospital Infection Discipline of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association","award":["CPMA-HAIC-20240129001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPMA-HAIC-20240129001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in patients with early sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and the risk of in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analysed secondary data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) 2008\u20132022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1632 participants were enrolled in the final analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A secondary data analysis study was conducted using data from the MIMIC IV 3.0 database. Participants were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of the TyG index. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. The association between the TyG index and in-hospital mortality among SA-AKI patients was assessed using multivariate COX proportional hazards regression analysis and restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1632 patients were included in the study. The in-hospital mortality rate was 31.13%, and the intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rate was 25.25%. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the TyG index was independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (HR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.27); p=0.02) and ICU mortality (HR 1.17; (95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 1.32); p=0.01). The restricted cubic spline regression model indicated that the risk of in-hospital and ICU mortality increased linearly with the increase in the TyG index. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the effect size and direction were consistent across different subgroups, and the results were stable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high TyG index is associated with increased mortality during hospitalisation in patients with SA-AKI. Larger-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T01:30:16Z","timestamp":1746667816000},"page":"e099529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between the TyG index and the risk of in-hospital mortality from early sepsis-related acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a secondary analysis of MIMIC-IV 2008\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0973-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyi","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zifang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Di","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00134-021-06506-Y"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01974-8","article-title":"Rates, predictors, and mortality of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-05167-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study in South Korea","volume":"28","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5653","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S470773","article-title":"Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting acute kidney injury in septic patients","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2018.1453891","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in critically Ill patients with sepsis: clinical characteristics and outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Zhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.05.026"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00683-3"},{"key":"2025121514352113000_15.5.e099529.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07138-0","article-title":"Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: incidence, patient characteristics, timing, trajectory, treatment, and associated outcomes. 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