{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T17:20:21Z","timestamp":1758043221269,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute pain in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery is mostly treated with opioid analgesics. However, with the risk of adverse reactions and complications, strategies which do not involve opioid analgesics can be considered, such as aromatherapy. This systematic review aims to analyse the effectiveness of aromatherapy in relieving pain in post-cardiac surgery patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two researchers will independently and simultaneously conduct searches and select studies from the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane (Library) and clinical trial registries (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/trialmed.com\/\">clinicaltrials.com<\/jats:ext-link>), with no language or publication date restrictions. Randomised and quasi-randomised clinical trials on the use of aromatherapy for pain relief in postcardiac surgery patients will be included. Then, two researchers will independently examine the studies based on inclusion criteria, extract data from the included studies and assess the risk of bias using the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool from Cochrane. Data will be synthesised using Review Manager software. The strength of the evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The literature search, study selection, review and meta-analysis stages will be conducted from early October 2025 to April 2026.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study is based on secondary data, and therefore ethical approval from a research ethics committee was not required. The results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42024568532.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T04:40:14Z","timestamp":1757652014000},"page":"e099639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of aromatherapy in pain relief postcardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Paolli de Paiva Oliveira Ar","family":"Camara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9593-816X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carolina Batista","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6056-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda de Castro","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius dos Santos Lemos","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5280-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Carmelita Rocha","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayane Cristine","family":"Alves Sarmento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liga Contra o C\u00e2ncer, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4105-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kleyton Santos","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education, Research and Innovation, Liga Contra o C\u00e2ncer, Natal, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9309-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Assis Neves","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0307-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Vieira","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091121400777000_15.9.e099639.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010"},{"key":"2025091121400777000_15.9.e099639.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20240079","article-title":"Estat\u00edstica Cardiovascular - 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