{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:54:30Z","timestamp":1781128470700,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Although menstrual cups have a long history and numerous benefits, many women of reproductive age remain unaware. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and use regarding menstrual cups and its associated factors among females of reproductive age in Siddharthanagar Municipality, Lumbini Province, Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional study<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Siddharthanagar municipality, Rupandehi was taken as the study setting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participant<\/jats:title>\n A total of 250\u2009women of reproductive age group (15\u201349 years) residing in Siddharthanagar Municipality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n \n Knowledge, attitude and use of menstrual cups were assessed by a pretested structured tool. The knowledge scores for each question were given as one mark for a correct response, and the overall scores were categorised using a modified Bloom\u2019s cut-off as follows: good knowledge\u226560%\u2009and poor knowledge<60%. Attitudes scores were grouped into three categories: favourable (>80%), neutral (60%\u201380%) and unfavourable (<60%). Practice was assessed by a single question whether they use a menstrual cup. Pearson\u2019s \u03c7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to determine factors associated with knowledge, attitude and use at the 5% level of significance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n This study found that the majority (88.04%) had poor knowledge about the menstrual cup, with 31.2% of participants expressing a favourable attitude. Only 10.6% of participants had used a menstrual cup. The odds of adequate knowledge among the participants with bachelor and higher level of education was 3.470 times (adjusted OR (aOR)=3.470, 95% CI 1.08 to 11.10) as compared with participants with secondary or lower level of education, adjusting for other explanatory variables. The odds of having adequate knowledge among participants who were employed was 1.66 times (aOR=1.66, 95% CI 1.24 to 5.83) compared with those who were unemployed, which was 2.487 times (aOR=2.487, 95% CI 1.24 to 7.95) in case of favourable attitude. Similarly, the odds of using a menstrual cup among the participants with an adequate level of knowledge was 7.960 times (aOR=7.960, 95% CI 2.70 to 23.40) as compared with participants who had an inadequate level of knowledge, adjusting for other explanatory variables.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Our study revealed that, despite their advantages, participants have limited knowledge and usage of menstrual cups. This highlights the need for advocacy and education about menstrual cups to enable informed choices, enhance women\u2019s quality of life and protect the environment by reducing waste from disposable menstrual products.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T16:10:14Z","timestamp":1767111014000},"page":"e100071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Knowledge, attitude and use of menstrual cup among females of Siddharthanagar Municipality, Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8269-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amisha","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Public Health, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijaya Laxmi","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Public Health, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0080-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrit","family":"Bist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Office, Dadeldhura, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010703485024000_15.12.e100071.1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Menstrual Hygiene Matters: a resource for improving menstrual hygiene around the world","volume":"21","author":"House","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Health Matters"},{"key":"2026010703485024000_15.12.e100071.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012596","article-title":"Measuring the prevalence and impact of poor menstrual hygiene management: a quantitative survey of schoolgirls in rural Uganda","volume":"6","author":"Hennegan","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026010703485024000_15.12.e100071.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002803","article-title":"Women\u2019s and girls\u2019 experiences of menstruation in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis","volume":"16","author":"Hennegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026010703485024000_15.12.e100071.4","unstructured":"World Health Organization: WHO . 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