{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:36:17Z","timestamp":1790278577847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing JST Research Funding","award":["HL202404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL202404"]}]},{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["CFH2024-2-2078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFH2024-2-2078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This scoping review aimed to synthesise the currently available evidence and influencing factors on the occurrence of postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in older patients with hip fractures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Sinomed databases were systematically searched from database inception to 1 September 2024.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included observational studies reporting on POUR prevalence and risk factors among patients aged 60 years and older with hip fractures and excluded systematic and non-systematic reviews, conference proceedings, editorials, commentaries, qualitative studies and case studies. Duplicated articles and articles unable to access the full text were also excluded. We also excluded studies with populations with pathologic fractures, multiple fractures, treated for periprosthetic fracture, or if studies were published in a language other than English and Chinese.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two authors independently extracted and summarised the data. We summarised the prevalence and risk factors for POUR in older patients with hip fractures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 106 studies were identified, and 12 studies (all from published literature sources) detailing POUR prevalence and risk factors were included. The studies showed that the incidence of POUR in older patients with hip fractures ranged from 11.10% to 51.33%, and the risk factors included impaired activities of daily living, use of anticholinergic medications, serological indicators (serum albumin and thyroid-stimulating hormone), complications (urinary infection and postoperative incontinence), prolonged indwelling urinary catheters and faecal impaction. In addition, male sex, cognitive impairment, use of opioid medications and coexisting diabetes may also be risk factors for POUR, which still needs to be further clarified<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of POUR in older patients with hip fractures varies widely. Most factors were reported in one study with no proposed underlying mechanism for their influence. Further high-quality studies are needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T13:15:29Z","timestamp":1757078129000},"page":"e100368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for postoperative urinary retention in older patients with hip fracture: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2701-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghua","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangshuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1553-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuemei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4132-3","article-title":"Functional outcomes and mortality in geriatric and fragility hip fractures\u2014results of an integrated, multidisciplinary model experienced by the \u201cFlorence hip fracture unit\u201d","volume":"43","author":"Civinini","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Orthopaedics (SICOT)"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S150067"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2016.1228","article-title":"One-Year Readmission Risk and Mortality after Hip Fracture Surgery: A National Population-Based Study in Taiwan","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging 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A retrospective review","volume":"64","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"cjs"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.101464","article-title":"Fecal impaction is associated with postoperative urinary retention after hip fracture surgery","volume":"64","author":"Teng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.03.053","article-title":"Surgical treatment of hip fracture in centenarians: Complications and independent risk factors of death","volume":"51","author":"L\u00f3pez-Torres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1360-1","article-title":"Would early removal of indwelling catheter effectively prevent urinary retention after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients?","volume":"14","author":"Kwak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016023","article-title":"Urinary retention as a postoperative complication associated with functional decline in elderly female patients with femoral neck and trochanteric fractures","volume":"98","author":"Higashikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/2151458516683507","article-title":"Risk Factors for Urinary Retention Following Surgical Repair of Hip Fracture in Female Patients","volume":"8","author":"Cialic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.20","unstructured":"Hao C . Correlation analysis of risk factors for complications after THA in elderly patients with hip fracture. Jilin University, 2017."},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12229","article-title":"Perioperative urinary retention, short\u2010term functional outcome and mortality rates of elderly hip fracture patients","volume":"15","author":"Adunsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geriatrics Gerontology Int"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12150","article-title":"Risk factors of postoperative urinary retention after hip surgery for femoral neck fracture in elderly women","volume":"14","author":"Tobu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatrics Gerontology Int"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03261.x"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23897","article-title":"The International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for adult male lower urinary tract and pelvic floor symptoms and dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"D\u2019Ancona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.01.075"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23029","article-title":"Asymptomatic urinary retention in elderly women upon admission to the Internal Medicine department: A prospective study","volume":"36","author":"Justo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010223","article-title":"What Do We Know about Opioids and the Kidney?","volume":"18","author":"Mallappallil","year":"2017","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"2025090506151803000_15.9.e100368.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0359-7","article-title":"Anticholinergic drugs and negative outcomes in the older population: from biological plausibility to clinical evidence","volume":"28","author":"Collamati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T13:15:33Z","timestamp":1757078133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100368","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}