{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:28:00Z","timestamp":1778012880475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the sociocultural and epidemiological factors associated with non-alcoholic beer (NAB) consumption in Poland, including motivations for use, consumption context, and its reported impact on alcohol consumption patterns.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Cross-sectional survey study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Community setting across Poland; data were collected in December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n A total of 1114 adults aged 18\u201384 years (mean age: 47.1\u00b114.4 years; 54.3% female) completed the questionnaire. Participants were recruited through an online panel using stratified quota sampling to approximate national population distributions by age, sex and region. Inclusion criteria were age \u226518 years and residence in Poland. No exclusion criteria beyond informed consent were applied.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was current NAB use, defined as self-reported consumption of NAB. Secondary outcomes included sociodemographic correlates, reasons for use, consumption contexts and self-reported changes in alcoholic beer consumption following NAB adoption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 70.6% of respondents reported current NAB use. Multivariable logistic regression showed that age 18\u201349 years (p<0.05), being married or in an informal relationship (OR=1.71; 95%\u2009CI: 1.19 to 2.45; p=0.004), residing in a household with \u22653 members (OR=1.61; 95%\u2009CI: 1.03 to 2.52; p=0.04) and being employed or self-employed (OR=1.65; 95%\u2009CI: 1.18 to 2.31; p=0.003) were independently associated with NAB use. Among NAB users (N=787), primary motivations included the ability to drive (28.2%), hydration (16.9%) and enjoying the taste without alcohol (12.1%). Regarding alcohol consumption, 31.6% reported using NAB to reduce their intake of alcoholic beer, and 22.6% stated that they had fully replaced alcoholic beer with NAB. Conversely, 37.0% reported no change in their alcohol consumption, 5.8% switched back to alcoholic beer only and 2.9% reported increased alcohol use after initiating NAB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n NAB consumption in Poland is associated with identifiable sociodemographic characteristics and motivated by practical and health-related considerations. While nearly half of current users report reduced or substituted alcohol intake, a substantial proportion incorporate NAB into existing drinking routines without change or with increased alcohol use. These findings suggest a heterogeneous behavioural impact, underlining the need for nuanced public health messaging and further research into the long-term effects of NAB use on alcohol-related outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-100408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T05:40:15Z","timestamp":1753767615000},"page":"e100408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sociocultural correlates and epidemiological patterns of non-alcoholic beer consumption: a cross-sectional study in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7048-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Silczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Lewandowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children Psychiatry Unit, Specialized Psychiatric Health Care Centre, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Baran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Psychology and Social Innovation, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tytus","family":"Koweszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Mularczyk-Tomczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gujska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Tatara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Ga\u0142ecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120601114740000_15.7.e100408.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13429","article-title":"Non-alcoholic beer in the European Union and UK: Availability and apparent consumption","volume":"41","author":"Kokole","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"2025120601114740000_15.7.e100408.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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