{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T23:14:43Z","timestamp":1764890083866,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH), characterised by excessive palm sweating, significantly impacts patients\u2019 physiology, psychology, self-esteem, work, life and social interactions. The incidence of depression is higher among PPH patients. Timely detection of key predictive factors and the development of risk prediction models are crucial for effective intervention and treatment in this patient group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an in-depth analysis of clinical data from 926 PPH patients treated at the Thoracic Surgery Department of Beijing Haidian Hospital between 2016 and 2021. We used the Boruta algorithm alongside the Backward Elimination strategy to select predictive factors and constructed five machine-learning models. By evaluating these models\u2019 performance, we determined the optimal one. Additionally, we introduced the Shapley Additive exPlanations method to enhance the interpretability of this optimal model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score, family history, quality of life excluding PPH, onset age and the age when PPH begins to impact life (Impact age) are six predictive factors for depression in PPH patients. The support vector machine (SVM) model performs more comprehensively through model validation. In the validation set, the area under the curve is 0.798 (95% CI: 0.737 to 0.859), with a Brier score of 0.1451 (95% CI: 0.1233 to 0.1716), accuracy of 0.7184, sensitivity of 0.775, specificity of 0.699 and F1 score of 0.585.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings can enhance our understanding of depression in PPH patients, and the SVM model is a valuable screening tool for assessing the risk of depression in PPH patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T10:50:36Z","timestamp":1760093436000},"page":"e101212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and validation of a model for predicting depression risk in primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a cross-sectional retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2092-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-014-0259-5","article-title":"Nation wide epidemiological survey of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"25","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12258","article-title":"Epidemiological study and considerations of primary focal hyperhidrosis in Japan: from questionnaire analysis","volume":"40","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200712020-00011","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents","volume":"120","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002198","article-title":"Chinese expert consensus on the surgical treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis (2021 version)","volume":"135","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2006.32334.x"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70062-0"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.7","first-page":"S491","article-title":"Hyperhidrosis and its impact on those living with it","volume":"24","author":"Lenefsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000446786","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hyperhidrosis","volume":"51","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.9","first-page":"945","article-title":"Update of the S1 guidelines on the definition and treatment of primary hyperhidrosis","volume":"16","author":"Rzany","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.33192.x"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.11","first-page":"729","article-title":"Hyperhidrosis: Management Options","volume":"97","author":"McConaghy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2009.00732.x","article-title":"Analysis of family history of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis in Japan","volume":"36","author":"Yamashita","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806-37562017000000379","article-title":"Hyperhidrosis: prevalence and impact on quality of life","volume":"44","author":"Hasimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bras Pneumol"},{"key":"2025120415064396000_15.10.e101212.14","unstructured":"Sato K . Eccrine sweat glands. In: Dermatology in general medicine. 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