{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T20:41:02Z","timestamp":1757623262395,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NR020885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NR020885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low-income adults with disabilities experience disproportionately high rates of food insecurity and preventable healthcare utilisation. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) can reduce food insecurity and improve health, but there are accessibility gaps in the SNAP enrolment process. Existing outreach and enrolment assistance programmes have been shown to boost SNAP enrolment, but their health effects are understudied. This study estimates the effects of a SNAP outreach and enrolment assistance programme on health outcomes among low-income adults with disabilities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study pragmatically evaluates a programme that provided outreach and SNAP enrolment assistance for low-income households. The study leverages a random process that selected households for one of two types of outreach, including an information-only arm and an information plus enrolment assistance arm, which formed a control group by default. The study will estimate the effect of this programme among low-income adults with disabilities using Medicaid and SNAP administrative data. Study outcomes include emergency department, hospital and long-term nursing home utilisation. SNAP enrolment and benefit amounts are secondary study outcomes and will be tested as a mediating mechanism of action. The study will test effect heterogeneity based on race, ethnicity, age and chronic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study, which relies on deidentified data, was determined to be exempt as human subjects research by the Institutional Review Boards at Johns Hopkins Medicine and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. The study is being conducted in ongoing consultation with an Advisory Group of experts in food advocacy and disability advocacy. In addition to disseminating findings in peer-reviewed publications, findings will be disseminated to state decision-makers and the community in partnership with an advisory group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T04:55:01Z","timestamp":1757393701000},"page":"e101369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pragmatic trial evaluating a randomly allocated Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program outreach and enrolment assistance programme in Michigan: study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2161-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Samuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-4614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Szanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis L","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benefits Data Trust, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benefits Data Trust, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alymamah","family":"Mashrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitch","family":"Laretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonnielin","family":"Swenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090506151877000_15.9.e101369.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 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