{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:37:01Z","timestamp":1792190221985,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000940","name":"Arthritis Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000940","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GNT1190882"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1190882"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GNT2008523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2008523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GNT2033417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2033417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The TRAjectory of knee heaLth in runners (TRAIL) study is a prospective cohort study investigating the long-term knee health trajectories of runners with and without a heightened osteoarthritis risk. This study aims to describe the recruitment results and baseline characteristics of the TRAIL cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Runners aged 18\u201350 years and running \u22653 times and \u226510 km per week on average in the past 6\u2009months were eligible. Participants were recruited via running podcasts, running clubs and social media between July 2020 and August 2023. Data were collected at study enrolment and at a face-to-face baseline testing session, which occurred a median of 33 weeks (IQR 18 to 86 weeks) after enrolment. Follow-up data collection is ongoing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings to date<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out of 462 runners who completed an online registration form, 268 runners enrolled, of which 135 had a history of knee surgery (46% females) and 133 were non-surgical controls (50% females). 60% of the surgery group had undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 33% meniscus and\/or cartilage surgery, and 7% other knee surgery. 54 participants previously enrolled were unable to continue in the study before attending baseline data collection. Of the 214 runners who remained in the study and attended baseline data collection, 108 had a history of knee surgery (49% females) and 106 did not have a history of knee surgery (51% females).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Future plans<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants will be followed for 10 years through ongoing patient-reported outcomes and continuous monitoring of training loads using wearable devices. At baseline, 4- and 10-year follow-up, knee MRI and knee-health patient-reported outcomes will be collected to evaluate structural and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis progression. Data will inform guidelines for safe running practices and rehabilitation post-knee surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T07:20:37Z","timestamp":1759130437000},"page":"e101625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cohort profile: trajectory of knee health in runners with and without heightened osteoarthritis risk (TRAIL) in Australia\u2014prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0753-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"De Oliveira Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin F","family":"Mentiplay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Girdwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J","family":"Haberfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-5756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M","family":"Bruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Discipline, La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam G","family":"Culvenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Discipline, La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua P","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0090-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard T R","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay M","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe Sports and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University - Bundoora Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Australian International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2017.03.005"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2022.09.013"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097576"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.09.004","article-title":"Local and widespread hyperalgesia in female runners with patellofemoral pain are influenced by running volume","volume":"20","author":"Pazzinatto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39005"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2025.12869","article-title":"What Do Women (With Serious Knee Injury) Want to Know About Knee Health? Identifying Research Priorities With a Consumer Advisory Group","volume":"55","author":"Haberfield","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.7","unstructured":"AusPlay . National sport and physical activity participation report. 2022."},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000105"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516657531","article-title":"Running and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Timmins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094749"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.11","first-page":"342","article-title":"Does long-distance running cause osteoarthritis?","volume":"106","author":"Cymet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518789685","article-title":"Worsening Knee Osteoarthritis Features on Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1 to 5 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","volume":"46","author":"Patterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507307396"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22313","article-title":"Are Knee Biomechanics Different in Those With and Without Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?","volume":"66","author":"Culvenor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093398"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520914628","article-title":"Between-Limb Differences in Patellofemoral Joint Forces During Running at 12 to 24 Months After Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction","volume":"48","author":"Sritharan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068040","article-title":"Trajectory of knee health in runners with and without heightened osteoarthritis risk: the TRAIL prospective cohort study protocol","volume":"13","author":"De Oliveira Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108838"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087522","article-title":"Cohort profile: Understanding the influence of early life environments and health and social service system contacts over time and across generations through the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS) Linked Data Study","volume":"14","author":"Mitrou","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-083425","article-title":"Cohort profile: the CARTaGENE Cohort Nutrition Study (Quebec, Canada)","volume":"14","author":"Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068539","article-title":"Cohort profile: Bangladesh Cook Stove Pregnancy Cohort Study (CSPCS)","volume":"13","author":"Jabin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-070180","article-title":"Cohort profile: Netherlands Longitudinal Study on Hearing (NL-SH)","volume":"13","author":"van Wier","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106055"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318059b536"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440230063008"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2023.11959","article-title":"Running-Related Injuries Among More Than 7000 Runners in 87 Different Countries: The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study","volume":"54","author":"Nielsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032627","article-title":"The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study on the aetiology of running-related injuries: rationale and design of an 18-month prospective cohort study including runners worldwide","volume":"9","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096190"},{"key":"2025092900201972000_15.9.e101625.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2021.1874160","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of health problems in competitive adolescent distance runners: A 6-month prospective cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T07:20:43Z","timestamp":1759130443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101625","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}