{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:35:00Z","timestamp":1770816900788,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between workplace sexual harassment and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among nurses in southeast Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four teaching hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 283 female nurses with at least 1 year of clinical experience participated in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected using convenience sampling and assessed using a demographic questionnaire, the Nurses\u2019 Sexual Harassment Questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Non-parametric tests, Spearman\u2019s rho correlation and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 39.1% of nurses reported experiencing sexual harassment sometimes to always. A total of 13.4% screened positive for PTSD. Sexual harassment was significantly associated with PTSD symptoms (OR: 1.26; 95%\u2009CI 1.164 to 1.364). Younger, single and less experienced nurses reported higher harassment levels, though sociodemographic variables were not associated with PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Workplace sexual harassment was significantly associated with increased PTSD symptoms among nurses. While demographic factors were related to harassment exposure, they were not linked to PTSD. Findings highlight the importance of preventive organisational strategies to mitigate harassment and protect nurses\u2019 mental well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1765974025000},"page":"e101722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Workplace sexual harassment and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in nurses: a cross-sectional study in southeast Iran"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radhwan Hussein","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing Sciences, College of Nursing, Ninevah University, Mosul, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulhakeem Jamil","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Mosul MedicalTechnical Institute Northern Technical University, Mosul, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Zeighami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Ke.C., Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-6149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samaneh","family":"Behzadi Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4205-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahlagha","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive and Family Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2018.02.018","article-title":"Sexual harassment in the work place: Its impact on gynecologic oncology and women\u2019s health","volume":"149","author":"von Gruenigen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2018.1560587","article-title":"Perceptions on the sexual harassment of female nurses in a state hospital in Sri Lanka: a qualitative study","volume":"12","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12457","article-title":"Investigating nurses\u2019 quality of life and work-life balance statuses in Singapore","volume":"66","author":"Kowitlawkul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.4","first-page":"506","article-title":"Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and its Associated Factors among Registered Nurses Working in Government Hospitals in Melaka State, Malaysia","volume":"67","author":"Suhaila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.971522","article-title":"Bitter silence allows sexual harassment to continue in workplace: A qualitative study in Iranian nurses","volume":"10","author":"Zeighami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860309032"},{"key":"2026010703484228000_15.12.e101722.7","unstructured":"Gilbert P . 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