{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:17:53Z","timestamp":1787671073259,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82371710 for Wenbin Dong"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371710 for Wenbin Dong"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"the Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CTP87518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTP87518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission\u2019s Scientific and Technological Innovation Action Plan","award":["21Y21900800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21Y21900800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm infants (VPIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective multicentre cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 79 neonatal intensive care units across China, January 2019 to December 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 23\u2009752 VPIs (&lt;32 weeks\u2019 gestation) or very low birth weight infants (&lt;1500\u2009g), comprising 4452 GDM-exposed and 19\u2009300 unexposed infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcomes are survival without BPD at 36 weeks\u2019 postmenstrual age (PMA) and its components.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants exposed to GDM were associated with a higher rate of survival without BPD (aOR 1.12, 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 1.21) at 36 weeks PMA and lower mortality (aOR 0.75, 95%\u2009CI 0.64 to 0.84) before 36 weeks PMA than unexposed infants. However, no significant association was observed between GDM and BPD at 36 weeks PMA (aOR 0.94, 95%\u2009CI 0.87 to 1.02), respiratory distress syndrome, need for advanced resuscitation or mechanical ventilation. After propensity score matching, GDM-exposed VPIs maintained higher survival without BPD (aOR 1.13, 95%\u2009CI 1.02 to 1.26) and lower mortality (aOR 0.81, 95%\u2009CI 0.68 to 0.97). These associations were strongest in infants born before 28 weeks (aOR 1.32, 95%\u2009CI 1.11 to 1.57) and those small for gestational age (aOR 1.41, 95%\u2009CI 1.11 to 1.80).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GDM was not associated with worsened BPD in VPIs. The positive association with survival and survival without BPD warrants could reflect a selection bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T05:55:13Z","timestamp":1759470913000},"page":"e101861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations between gestational diabetes mellitus and survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a multicentre cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-7117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Birth Defects, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Centre, National Centre for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 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