{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T14:39:51Z","timestamp":1767796791900,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among youth of the Gurage Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional, Ethiopia, 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research was carried out in the Gurage Zone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted among 719 Gurage Zone youths from 1 January 2024 to 1 February 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicidal behaviours and non-suicidal self-injury were assessed using a pretested, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Data were entered in EpiData V,3.1 and exported to SPSS V.25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify significant factors associated with suicidal behaviours and NSSI. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 and adjusted ORs with 95%\u2009CI were used to declare association with the outcome variable in the final model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of the total 820 study participants, 719 participants participated in the study, giving a response rate of 88%. Among 719 respondents 465 (64.7%) were males. The prevalence of high risk of suicidal behaviours was 11.7% (95% CI 8.14 to 14.30) and it is significantly associated with substance use in the last 3 months (adjusted OR (AOR)=6.84; 95%\u2009CI 3.48 to 13.47), having moderate insomnia (AOR=3.09; 95%\u2009CI 1.30 to 7.31) and having depression (AOR=6.84; 95%\u2009CI 3.48 to 13.47).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of NSSI among youths was 38% (95% CI 34.52 to 41.86). Substance use in the last 3 months (AOR=2.459; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.81), youths having depression (AOR=3.348; 95% CI 2.29 to 4.91), youths who were exposed to stressful life events (AOR=9.86; 95% CI 6.46 to 15.07) were significantly associated with NSSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly 1 in 10 youths in the Gurage Zone exhibited high-risk suicidal behaviour, and over one-third reported NSSI. Suicidal behaviour was significantly associated with substance use, depression and moderate insomnia, while NSSI was significantly associated with substance use, depression and exposure to stressful life events. These findings highlight the prevalence of self-harm and the key factors associated with these behaviours among youth in this region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-101889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:12:42Z","timestamp":1764843162000},"page":"e101889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviours and non-suicidal self-injury among youths of Gurage Zone, Ethiopia 2024: a community-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Omega Tolessa","family":"Geleta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Women's Protection and Empowerment, International Rescue Committee, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0432-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baye Tsegaye","family":"Amlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Addisu","family":"Getie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7583-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haile","family":"Amha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse Tsehay","family":"Tarekegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6326-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamo Solomon","family":"Emire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamene Fetene","family":"Terefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fisha Alebel","family":"GebreEyesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Wolkite University, Welkite, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010703453967000_15.12.e101889.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age\u2013sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"385","author":"Collaborators","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026010703453967000_15.12.e101889.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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