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High-quality evidence is needed about the effect of ACP on this and other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Planning Ahead is a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of facilitated ACP in community-dwelling older adults including those with normal cognition and those with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) who are at high risk of death. The primary aim is to determine the effect of the intervention on discordance between preferences for medical treatments and the treatments received in the year after the intervention. Secondary outcomes include decision-making quality, care at the end of life and cost. Eligible patients have a primary care provider at one of two Midwest health systems, have an approximate 33% mortality risk and do not have a POLST form at baseline. Patients with capacity can invite the person they would choose to be their healthcare decision maker to participate as a study partner. A surrogate decision maker enrols and receives the intervention for patients who lack capacity due to ADRD. The intervention uses the Respecting Choices Advanced Steps (RCAS) model of ACP delivered by a registered nurse and includes identification of the patient\u2019s values and goals, education about ACP and the POLST form and the opportunity to complete a POLST form.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study is approved by the Indiana University Institutional Review Board. Primary and secondary analyses will be published in peer-reviewed journals. We also plan dissemination through the media. We will construct a deidentified data set that could be available to other researchers. Survey data will be preserved and shared via the NIH-supported National Archive of Computerised Data on Ageing\u2019s (NACDA) Open Ageing Repository (OAR).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>\n<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04070183\">NCT04070183<\/jats:ext-link>\n.\n<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-102186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T18:01:33Z","timestamp":1748282493000},"page":"e102186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Planning Ahead: protocol for a randomised trial of advance care planning for community dwelling older adults at increased mortality risk"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04070183","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9609-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia M","family":"Torke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Wocial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick O","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Slaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Ziemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Cavanaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Fox Ludden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04188.x"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04187.x"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18287","article-title":"The care planning umbrella: The evolution of advance care planning","volume":"71","author":"Hickman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.331"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2017.0459"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2016.04.015","article-title":"Care Consistency With Documented Care Preferences: Methodologic Considerations for Implementing the \u201cMeasuring What Matters\u201d Quality Indicator","volume":"52","author":"Unroe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.16430"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16801"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hcr.2005.0093"},{"key":"2025052418352242000_15.5.e102186.10","unstructured":"POLST: portable medical orders. n.d. 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