{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:11:24Z","timestamp":1780920684941,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is closely associated with the management of HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection because it modulates the metabolism of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The frequency of UGT1A1 polymorphisms varies widely among sub-Saharan Africans. However, studies examining the frequency of UGT1A1 polymorphisms and their impact on drug response profiles, accounting for environmental factors, drug\u2013drug and gene\u2013drug interactions and non-compliance remain sparse. Given that HIV and TB treatments often involve complex drug regimens with a high risk of interactions, understanding the role of UGT1A1 polymorphisms in these contexts is crucial. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map existing evidence, synthesise findings on how genetic polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene affect the metabolism of ARVs and antituberculosis drugs, and identify gaps in literature regarding their impacts on drug efficacy, toxicity and treatment outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The methodology for this scoping review will follow the guidelines outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology Manual. Using the keywords, UGT1A1 polymorphism, HIV and TB coinfection, treatment outcomes and SSA, we will search for articles on PubMed\/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus to obtain relevant articles published from January 2010 to April 2026. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess quality of titles and abstracts against the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and manage the data using Microsoft Excel. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion and where necessary a third reviewer will be consulted. Findings will be narratively synthesised across polymorphisms and treatment outcomes. The reviewers will meet and discuss the themes that will arise as well as the interpretation of the themes to minimise bias in the findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scoping review relies on publicly available published resources, exempting it from ethical review board oversight. The review findings will be shared in a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-102785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T11:45:12Z","timestamp":1780919112000},"page":"e102785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene polymorphisms and treatment outcomes in HIV and MTB coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8720-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald","family":"Vhanda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuthbert","family":"Musarurwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human, Biological and Translational Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Khomas Region, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raylton P","family":"Chikwati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC\/Wits Ageing African Adult Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Grand Prix, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masimba","family":"Muziringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Library, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collet","family":"Dandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justen","family":"Manasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe"},{"name":"Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Harare Province, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joconiah","family":"Chirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rooyen Tinago","family":"Mavenyengwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060804450666000_16.6.e102785.1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . Global tuberculosis report 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2025 [Accessed 10 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"2026060804450666000_16.6.e102785.2","unstructured":"UNAIDS . Global hiv & aids statistics \u2014 fact sheet. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet [Accessed 25 Apr 2023]."},{"key":"2026060804450666000_16.6.e102785.3","first-page":"1097581","article-title":"Predictors of adverse TB treatment outcome among TB\/HIV patients compared with non-HIV patients in the greater accra regional hospital from 2008 to 2016","volume":"2020","author":"Hayibor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"2026060804450666000_16.6.e102785.4","unstructured":"Mugarisi V . Zimbabwe scores gains in tuberculosis (tb) treatment and control despite covid-19 disruptions | who | regional office for Africa. 2021. 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