{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T22:44:29Z","timestamp":1769813069851,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to identify the effectiveness of asthma self-management interventions for school-aged children 6\u201317 years old in the US. The research questions include: (1) What interventions are conducted for asthma self-management among school children and adolescents aged 6\u201317 with asthma from minority families in the US? (2) Which asthma self-management intervention(s) are effective and feasible to reduce acute healthcare utilisation and improve asthma control among school-aged children 6\u201317 years and (3) Are there any differences in the effectiveness of self-management interventions by age groups (children 6\u201311 years vs adolescents 12\u201317 years) and by income groups (low income vs high income minority families)?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A thorough search of the literature is conducted in multiple electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus\/Embase, EbscoHost, CINAHL-full text, PsycINFO and clinical trials. This review focuses on studies of school-aged children and adolescents 6\u201317 years old with asthma from minority families that employ self-management intervention to enhance asthma control compared with a standard intervention\/control group. The search strategies are developed following the population, intervention, comparison and outcome framework. The primary outcomes of this study are healthcare utilisation (ie, asthma-related urgent care\/emergency department visits and hospitalisation), symptom control and asthma control. The process involves developing a search strategy along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting relevant data, assessing the risk of bias (RoB) and analysing the data. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines will be used for reporting of the systematic review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias revised tool will be used to assess the RoB. The findings will be presented descriptively using tables, visual aids and a narrative summary. A meta-analysis will synthesise the results, exploring the impact of various interventions on asthma self-management in low-income and minority adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required for this study since this is a systematic review of existing literature. This study will synthesise evidence of asthma self-management interventions among school-aged children with asthma from minority and low-income families and identify research gaps. The findings in the meta-analysis will offer valuable insights into designing tailored evidence-based, effective, self-management interventions for school-aged children and adolescents with asthma in the future. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42024567466.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:30:19Z","timestamp":1769772619000},"page":"e103108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of self-management interventions for asthma control and healthcare utilisation among school-aged children in minority families in the United States: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5485-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangita","family":"Pudasainee-Kapri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeevan","family":"Gyawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department, Chirayu National Hospital and Medical Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Critical Care, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Kandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Policy and Administration, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Rajbanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Buna","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dwyer School of Health Sciences, Indiana University, South Bend, Indiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026013003300932000_16.1.e103108.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"2026013003300932000_16.1.e103108.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00246","article-title":"Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults","volume":"7","author":"Dharmage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"2026013003300932000_16.1.e103108.3","unstructured":"CDC . 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