{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:33:49Z","timestamp":1770910429698,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM1023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM1023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DC021550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DC021550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"California State University, Sacramento College of Health and Human Services Summer Faculty Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if communication disorders (1) increase the risk for common mental and physical health conditions and (2) if risk varies by age of onset (\u226425 years (developmental) or &gt;25 years (acquired)) by using the large-scale All of Us Research Program participant-reported survey data to electronic health records (EHR) data. We hypothesised that adults with a communication disorder would have a higher risk of mental and physical health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary analysis of EHR and online surveys conducted in the USA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed 410\u2009360 US adults enrolled in the All of Us Research Program from August 2023 to May 2024 for study eligibility. We used medical diagnosis of a communication disorder from EHR data to group participants into communication disorder (CD) and typical communication (TC) groups, and age of first diagnosis to assign to age of onset (\u226425 years (developmental) or &gt;25 years (acquired)) groups. 234\u2009519 participants (median (IQR) age 57.00 (41.00, 68.00); 3700 (1.6%) qualified for the CD group) were included in the analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcome measures were diagnosis of 11 common mental and physical health conditions from EHR data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple logistic regression models with propensity score weighting revealed that participants with CD had higher odds for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, asthma, cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes and hypertension. Estimates for chronic kidney disease (acquired: adjusted OR (AOR), 1.89 (1.62, 2.20); developmental: AOR, 1.26 (0.42, 3.82)), diabetes (acquired: AOR, 1.64 (1.49, 1.81); developmental: AOR, 1.51 (0.95, 2.41)), hypertension (acquired: AOR, 2.02 (1.85, 2.19); developmental: AOR, 1.16 (0.80, 1.68)) and substance use (acquired: AOR, 1.76 (1.47, 2.12); developmental: AOR, 1.08 (0.65, 1.82)) varied by age of onset. Confounding factors are controlled in the analysis, such as age, income, employment, enrolment, sex at birth, gender identity and US census division.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrates that adults with CD experience health disparities compared with adults with TC, and that these disparities vary by age of onset of CD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:40:30Z","timestamp":1770907230000},"page":"e103384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of communication disorder status on risk for eleven common health conditions in the All of Us Research Program in the USA: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9924-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hope S","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Childhood Deafness Language and Learning, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srishti","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3249-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Buttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Childhood Deafness Language and Learning, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonia N","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021206402037000_16.2.e103384.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08991-0","article-title":"Establishing the efficacy of interventions to improve health literacy and health behaviours: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Walters","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026021206402037000_16.2.e103384.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2010.00631.x","article-title":"Smoking, nutrition, alcohol and physical activity interventions targeting Indigenous Australians: rigorous evaluations and new directions needed","volume":"35","author":"Clifford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2026021206402037000_16.2.e103384.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.07.003"},{"key":"2026021206402037000_16.2.e103384.4","unstructured":"ASHA . 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