{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:58:52Z","timestamp":1767193132262,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-EY026877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-EY026877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the American Academy of Optometry, Cochrane Eyes and Vision US Project","award":["UG1 EY020522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 EY020522"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescribing patterns for hyperopia in children vary widely among eye care providers worldwide. This scoping review aims to identify and map the current literature on optical correction and catalogue outcomes reported, particularly in the domains of vision, vision-related functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL) in school-aged children with hyperopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This protocol was developed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute\u2019s Manual for Evidence Synthesis. We will include studies involving school-aged children with hyperopia without restrictions on sex, gender, race, ethnicity, type of optical correction, length of intervention, publication date or country of origin. We will include studies with internal or external comparison groups. We will exclude studies associated with myopia control treatments, ocular and visual pathway pathologies affecting vision or visual function. We will search Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase.com and PubMed. Examples of data to be extracted include population demographics, visual acuity, study-specific definitions for refractive error, treatment regimens for optical correction, vision and vision-related functional outcomes and QoL (general or vision-related) as quantified by validated instruments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Informed consent and Institutional Review Board approval will not be required, as this scoping review will only use published data. The results from the scoping review will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and at professional conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T01:30:16Z","timestamp":1755480616000},"page":"e103546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optical correction of hyperopia in school-aged children: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayathri","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1154-7437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen L","family":"Kerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su-Hsun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4128-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian M","family":"Manh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristine","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshall B Ketchum University, Fullerton, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9326-8485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumen","family":"Sadhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9352-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan C","family":"Ollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern College of Optometry, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5432-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Tajbakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8541-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer H","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-1605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan L","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin C H","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Treehouse Eyes, Tysons Corner, P.C, Tysons Corner, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6569-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jameel Rizwana","family":"Hussaindeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8371-7450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Simard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8060-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey R","family":"Trast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pikeville Kentucky College of Optometry, Pikeville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0428-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina E","family":"Morettin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonge St. Clair Eye Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4254-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University College of Optometry, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5071-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustine N","family":"Nti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnson & Johnson MedTech Vision, Jacksonville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4766-7799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora M","family":"Lee Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tawna L","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.06.039"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.06.009"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.08.009"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.02.021","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of moderate or high hyperopia among multiethnic children 6 to 72 months of age: a pooled analysis of individual participant data","volume":"126","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.033"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318031b08a"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318031b09b"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.12.035","article-title":"Should glasses be prescribed for all children with moderate hyperopia?","volume":"123","author":"Lambert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13184","article-title":"Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers","volume":"43","author":"Morrison","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200404000-00008"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318031b065"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03496-5","article-title":"Prescribing patterns for hyperopia: an insight of the optometrist perspective and practice","volume":"24","author":"Alsaqr","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.032"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.11.003"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.08.027"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000223","article-title":"Associations between hyperopia and other vision and refractive error characteristics","volume":"91","author":"Kulp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.061"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8174"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ntodie M , Saunders K , Little J-A . Accuracy and stability of accommodation and vergence responses during sustained near tasks in uncorrected hyperopes. Sci Rep 2023;13. doi:10.1038\/s41598-023-41244-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41244-9"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.20","first-page":"455","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with moderate hyperopia in preschool children with normal stereopsis and visual acuity","volume":"20","author":"Suh","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAAPOS"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.07.017","article-title":"Visual function of moderately hyperopic 4- and 5-year-old children in the vision in preschoolers - hyperopia in preschoolers study","volume":"170","author":"Ciner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.023"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3252737","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198811000-00007","article-title":"Vision anomalies and reading skill: a meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Simons","year":"1988","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.24","first-page":"44","article-title":"Refractive error and the reading process: a literature analysis","volume":"57","author":"Grisham","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.046755"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318157a67a"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.27","first-page":"648","article-title":"The relationship between moderate hyperopia and academic achievement: how much plus is enough?","volume":"68","author":"Rosner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Optom Assoc"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318031b079"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ntodie M , Saunders KJ , Little JA . Correction of low-moderate hyperopia improves accommodative function for some hyperopic children during sustained near work. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021;62. doi:10.1167\/iovs.62.4.6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.4.6"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2021.02.013","article-title":"Baltimore reading and eye disease study: vision outcomes of school-based eye care","volume":"57","author":"Mudie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.31","unstructured":"All India Ophthalmological Society Guidelines . National, expert-based consensus statement regarding pediatric eye examination, refraction and amblyopia management, Available: https:\/\/edu.aios.org\/aios-guidelines\/#flipbook-df_346\/1"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.32","unstructured":"Royal College of Ophthalmologists . Guidelines for the management of strabismus in childhood. n.d."},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.10.030","article-title":"Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern","volume":"130","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.34","first-page":"S163","article-title":"Guidelines for prescribing optical correction in children","volume":"88 Suppl 9","author":"Wutthiphan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2011.00600.x"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340600855569","article-title":"Evidence-based spectacle prescribing for infants and children","volume":"54","author":"Bobier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Mod Opt"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13358","article-title":"Investigation of current guidelines for prescribing spectacles to children using a modified Delphi approach and the AGREE II tool","volume":"44","author":"Wilson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.09.032","article-title":"Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern\u00ae: I. Vision screening in the primary care and community setting; II. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination","volume":"125","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aromataris ELC , Porritt K , Pilla B , eds. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. 2024.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIMES-24-01"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"2025123106464426000_15.8.e103546.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103546","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:48:16Z","timestamp":1767192496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103546","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}}}