{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:52:48Z","timestamp":1793836368635,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009128","name":"Research for Patient Benefit Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR 203080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 203080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The National University of Malaysia","award":["GP-K019817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GP-K019817"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is devastating with a 1\u2009month mortality rate of ~40%. Cerebral oedema can complicate acute ICH and is associated with poor outcome. In patients with large ICH, the accompanying swelling increases mass effect and causes brain herniation. Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is used to treat cerebral oedema after traumatic brain injury, but its safety and efficacy in ICH is unclear. We aim to assess the feasibility of a phase II randomised, controlled trial of mannitol in patients with ICH with, or at risk of, cerebral oedema to inform a definitive trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mannitol for cerebral oedema after acute intracerebral haemorrhage trial (MACE-ICH) aims to include 45 ICH participants from 10 UK sites with estimated largest diameter of haematoma volume &gt;2\u2009cm, presenting within 72 hours of onset with, or at risk of, cerebral oedema (limited Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)&lt;9, including motor and visual components only, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale&gt;8) with or without mass effect. Participants will be randomised (1:1:1) to 1\u2009g\/kg 10% single-dose intravenous mannitol, 1\u2009g\/kg 10% mannitol followed by a second dose at 24 hours, or standard care alone. Outcome assessors will be masked to treatment allocation. Feasibility outcomes include proportion of patients approached being randomised, participants receiving allocated treatment, recruitment rate, treatment adherence and follow-up. Secondary outcomes include serum electrolytes and osmolality at days 1\u20132; change in ICH and oedema volume at day 5; number of participants who developed urinary tract infection, GCS and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at day 5\u00b12; length of hospital stay, discharge destination and death up to day 28; death and death or dependency by day 180 and disability (Barthel Index), quality of life (EuroQol, 5-D) and cognition (telephone mini-mental state examination) at day 180.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MACE-ICH received ethics approval from the East Midlands-Leicester Central research ethics committee (22\/EM\/0242). The trial is funded by a National Institute for Health and Care Research RfPB grant (203080). The results will be published in an academic journal and disseminated through academic conferences and patient support groups. Reporting will be in line with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration numbers<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"ISRCTN15383301\">ISRCTN15383301<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; EUDRACT 2022-000283-22.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T10:35:33Z","timestamp":1753698933000},"page":"e103776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mannitol for cerebral oedema after acute intracerebral haemorrhage (MACE-ICH): protocol for a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint phase IIb trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn15383301","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"},{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn15383301","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-3783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kailash","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"},{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4472-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Trials Unit, 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