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With the ageing population, the incidence of adhesive capsulitis has been rising year by year, posing a significant threat to the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly individuals. As one of the main means of treating adhesive capsulitis, manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) can achieve good clinical results while maintaining high economic benefits. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic factors and the longitudinal recovery trajectory of patients, so as to provide a basis for the precise treatment of MUA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is a longitudinal prospective cohort study with a 12-month follow-up. A trajectory analysis model (latent growth curve modelling) will be used to observe the recovery changes of adhesive capsulitis patients. Linear mixed-effects models will be employed to analyse the prognostic factors of adhesive capsulitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval number: 2025-1707-047-02), following ethical guidelines and standard reporting practices. The research findings will be disseminated through presentations at both regional and global medical conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2500100645.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-103971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:15:14Z","timestamp":1772115314000},"page":"e103971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Symptomatic changes and influencing factors following manipulation under anaesthesia in patients with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder: a protocol for a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yumin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.0302","article-title":"Shoulder Pain and Mobility Deficits: Adhesive Capsulitis","volume":"43","author":"Kelley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phy Therapy"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2019.11.3.249","article-title":"Treatment Strategy for Frozen Shoulder","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.05.009"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00165","article-title":"Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Critical Analysis Review","volume":"6","author":"Yip","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00386-2","article-title":"Frozen shoulder","volume":"8","author":"Millar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.43.3.361"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00413-w","article-title":"Ultrasound Features of Adhesive Capsulitis","volume":"9","author":"Stella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2010.09.008"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100150316"},{"key":"2026062610415130000_16.2.e103971.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo S , Sharma A , Vardanyan R , et al . 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