{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T02:05:34Z","timestamp":1769393134911,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postoperative arrhythmias are common and clinically significant complications. They are a cause of increased morbidity and mortality rates in surgical patients. Although various pharmacological and procedural strategies have been explored for preventing postoperative arrhythmia, evidence regarding their effectiveness remains inconsistent. The stellate ganglion block (SGB) has emerged as a promising alternative to reduce the occurrence of postoperative arrhythmias. By summarising the existing evidence, this meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of SGB in preventing postoperative arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We will review literature from January 1970 to April 2025 using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Embase. Studies eligible for inclusion will be randomised controlled trials and observational studies reporting postoperative arrhythmia incidence in surgical patients who received preoperative or intraoperative SGB. We will include articles in the following languages: English, Spanish, Chinese or Portuguese. Secondary outcomes are SGB-related complications. The risk of bias will be determined by Rob-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Meta-analyses, reporting relative risks or ORs with 95% confidence intervals will be performed when at least three studies report the same outcome under comparable conditions. Quality of evidence will be evaluated using GRADE guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We will use information from previously published manuscripts found in reputable databases, and ethical approval is not necessary.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD420251029643.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T02:32:11Z","timestamp":1758594731000},"page":"e104016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stellate ganglion block for preventing postoperative arrhythmias: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Nunez-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Sanatorio Allende, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7586-864X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiorela","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Aveni-Strafile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel S","family":"Hicklen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Medical Library, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, MD 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