{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T14:59:10Z","timestamp":1780844350345,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence, patterns and correlates of medicinal herb use in a rural Iranian population and to evaluate demographic and clinical predictors using adjusted regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Fasa Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran Cohort Study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sheshdeh, a rural district in southern Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>10\u2009143 adults aged 35\u201370 years enrolled between 2017 and 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of self-reported medicinal herb use during the past year and its associations with demographic variables and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 84.7% of participants (95%\u2009CI 83.9% to 85.5%) reported herb use. In multivariable logistic regression, higher educational attainment was positively associated with herb use (university education vs. illiterate: adjusted OR 1.41, 95%\u2009CI 1.11 to 1.88). No significant adjusted associations were observed between herb use and major NCDs including diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease or depression. The most frequently used herbs were\n                      <jats:italic>Zataria multiflora<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Echium amoenum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Matricaria chamomilla<\/jats:italic>\n                      , most commonly for anxiety\/neurasthenia (81.6%), gastric pain (59.6%) and common cold (49.8%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medicinal herb use is highly prevalent among adults in southern Iran. Educational level, but not chronic disease status, was associated with herb use. These findings highlight the need for integrated public health strategies regarding safe and evidence-based use of medicinal herbs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T14:25:16Z","timestamp":1780842316000},"page":"e104459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of medicinal herbs in an Iranian population: cross-sectional findings from the Fasa PERSIAN Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2016-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Hamdollah","family":"Mosavat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza Kamrani","family":"Poor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5398-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Homayounfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Naghizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Farjam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Nayebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Traditional Medicine Association, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayeh","family":"Naghizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine and Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Salehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6700-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hashem","family":"Hashempur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060707250860000_16.6.e104459.1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Pattern of complementary and alternative medicine use in urban population","volume":"7","author":"Yekta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"2026060707250860000_16.6.e104459.2","first-page":"549","article-title":"A Brief History of Ancient Iranian Medicine","volume":"18","author":"Nayernouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"2026060707250860000_16.6.e104459.3","first-page":"103","article-title":"Anorectal diseases in Avicenna\u2019s \u201cCanon of Medicine\u201c","volume":"13","author":"Mosavat","year":"2015","journal-title":"AMHA-Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica"},{"key":"2026060707250860000_16.6.e104459.4","article-title":"Persian Medicine in the World of Research; 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