{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T21:29:58Z","timestamp":1764883798968,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases","award":["NCRC2022002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCRC2022002"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-I2M-1-063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia globally, necessitates effective strategies for stroke prevention. Although current risk stratification tools, such as the CHA\u2082DS\u2082-VASc score, are widely used to guide anticoagulation therapy, their limited predictive accuracy underscores the urgent need for more precise and reliable models. This study aims to establish a nationwide AF registry incorporating multi-dimensional data to identify novel risk factors and develop a more accurate stroke prediction model to improve risk stratification and guide anticoagulation therapy in patients with AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\/analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk factors for stroke in patients with non-valvular AF in China (REFINE) registry is a nationwide, multicentre, observational registry integrating retrospective (n=20\u2009000) and prospective (n=5000) cohorts. Demographics, lifestyle, medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, ECG, echocardiography, contrast-enhanced CT scan and blood samples will be collected at baseline. Long-term follow-up will be performed to identify clinical events and treatment at the timepoint. We aim to use the multidimensional dataset to establish a more precise stroke risk predictive tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study is approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuwai Hospital, CAMS&amp;PUMC (No. 2022\u20131845; No. 2024\u20132489) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05598632\">NCT05598632<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . The results of this study will be disseminated through publications in peer-\u00adreviewed journals and conference presentations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05598632\">NCT05598632<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:56:06Z","timestamp":1762325766000},"page":"e104806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rationale, design and protocol for risk factors for stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in 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