{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:54:52Z","timestamp":1773939292030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vital signs such as heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), crucial for clinical assessment, are often challenging to measure in paediatric populations. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), a video-based measurement tool, has demonstrated accuracy in adults. The objective of this study is to compare HR and RR measurements obtained using rPPG with those from standard clinical monitoring in a paediatric population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a monocentric, prospective study enrolling 600 paediatric participants. Each participant will have standard monitoring electrodes (ECG\/impedance) placed on the chest while seated facing a camera for rPPG recording. Simultaneous HR and RR measurements will be recorded over periods of 30 and 60\u2009s using both the standard monitor and the rPPG device. The intraclass correlation coefficient will be calculated to assess agreement between the rPPG and standard monitor measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study protocol has been approved by the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM (Agence nationale de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du m\u00e9dicament) registration no. IDRCB 2023-A02524-41) and by a French ethics committee (CPP Sud M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e III at 29 August 2024, n\u00b02024-A01324-43). The study\u2019s findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences and through press releases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical Trials Registry (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06231654\">NCT06231654<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:35:22Z","timestamp":1773934522000},"page":"e104840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement of heart rate and respiratory rate using remote photoplethysmography in paediatrics: a prospective comparative trial protocol \u2013 \u2018rMonitoped1\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06231654","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Haas-Ferrua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Giaccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ancey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Freyssinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Nice, France"},{"name":"EA 3279, \u201cSant\u00e9 Publique, Maladies Chroniques et Qualit\u00e9 de Vie\u201d, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Baranton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Joulie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 la Recherche Clinique et \u00e0 l\u2019Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Bendimerad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i-Virtual SAS, Metz, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Olla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i-Virtual SAS, Metz, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelhak","family":"Moussaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i-Virtual SAS, Metz, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 3279, \u201cSant\u00e9 Publique, Maladies Chroniques et Qualit\u00e9 de Vie\u201d, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Fontas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9l\u00e9gation \u00e0 la Recherche Clinique et \u00e0 l\u2019Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1836-2742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Emergency Department, H\u00f4pitaux P\u00e9diatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Nice, France"},{"name":"EA 3279, \u201cSant\u00e9 Publique, Maladies Chroniques et Qualit\u00e9 de Vie\u201d, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2020.05.005","article-title":"Abnormal Vital Sign Recognition and Provider Notification in the Pediatric Emergency Department","volume":"34","author":"Valentino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.10582"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06413-5_12","article-title":"Pulse Oximetry: The Working Principle, Signal Formation, and Applications","volume":"1384","author":"Lepp\u00e4nen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2013.2264358","article-title":"A motion-tolerant adaptive algorithm for wearable photoplethysmographic biosensors","volume":"18","author":"Yousefi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047896","article-title":"Innovative measurement of routine physiological variables (heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation) using a remote photoplethysmography imaging system: a prospective comparative trial protocol","volume":"11","author":"Allado","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.6","unstructured":"i-Virtual . I-virtual. Available: https:\/\/i-virtual.ai\/ [Accessed 30 Mar 2025]."},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206101","article-title":"Accurate and Reliable Assessment of Heart Rate in Real-Life Clinical Settings Using an Imaging Photoplethysmography","volume":"11","author":"Allado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133647","article-title":"Remote Photoplethysmography Is an Accurate Method to Remotely Measure Respiratory Rate: A Hospital-Based Trial","volume":"11","author":"Allado","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2019.07.010"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.10","unstructured":"Mindray . BeneVision N1 - Patient Monitor, Available: https:\/\/www.mindray.com\/en\/products\/patient-monitoring\/continuous-patient-monitoring\/benevision-n1 [Accessed 22 Jan 2026]."},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.11","unstructured":"i-Virtual . Advanced Vital Sign Monitoring Software | Get Better Insights, Available: https:\/\/i-virtual.ai\/solutions\/ [Accessed 22 Jan 2026]."},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5466"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13020235","article-title":"Use of Telemedicine Healthcare Systems in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Disease or in Transition Stages of Life: Consensus Document of the Italian Society of Telemedicine (SIT), of the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics (SIPPS), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Primary Care (SICuPP), of the Italian Federation of Pediatric Doctors (FIMP) and of the Syndicate of Family Pediatrician Doctors (SIMPeF)","volume":"13","author":"Esposito","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2026031908351882000_16.3.e104840.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16180","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c08494","article-title":"Emerging Telemedicine Tools for Remote COVID-19 Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Management","volume":"14","author":"Lukas","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104840","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:35:24Z","timestamp":1773934524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-104840","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}