{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:49:27Z","timestamp":1794278967917,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This qualitative study explores the experiences of medical students involved in clinical work and learning under distant supervision, aiming to understand their adaptation, challenges and learning processes in the context of clinical uncertainty and reduced oversight.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a constructivist grounded theory (CGT). CGT was chosen for its strength in examining complex social interactions and uncovering emergent themes that are not fully explained by existing theoretical frameworks. Data were collected through 13 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with medical students who actively participated in clinical care under conditions of limited supervision and high responsibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faculty of Medicine, Switzerland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted interviews with 13 medical students who worked in Mobile SWAB Teams during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Students described a shift from observation to actively taking on a professional role. This experience provided a unique opportunity for medical students to apply their knowledge and skills in real-world settings, develop a sense of autonomy and foster personal growth. Acknowledging the importance of effective communication, teamwork and decision-making in providing patient care, they embraced the concept of self-regulated learning (SRL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Creating a supportive learning environment that promotes SRL encourages collaboration and enables medical students to take on clinical tasks with increasing autonomy. In our study, working under distant supervision promoted reflection, strengthened communication and supported both clinical development and identity formation. This approach highlights the value of integrating supported responsibility and guided reflection into future models of clinical education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:15:42Z","timestamp":1760699742000},"page":"e106212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From observation to ownership: a qualitative study of medical students\u2019 learning under distant clinical supervision"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adisa","family":"Poljo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Upper Austria, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9355-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Werdecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery, Universit\u00e4tsspital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce J M","family":"Bogie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"M\u00fcry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Meienberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Medical Outpatient Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian H","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Bingisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M","family":"Klasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral Surgery, Clarunis, University Digestive Health Care Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03106.x","article-title":"Transition to clinical training: influence of pre-clinical knowledge and skills, and consequences for clinical performance","volume":"42","author":"van Hell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02186-2"},{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2011.04052.x","article-title":"Junior doctors caught in the clash: the transition from learning to working explored","volume":"45","author":"Teunissen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2022.2082265","article-title":"Medical students\u2019 perceptions of learning and working on the COVID-19 frontlines: \u201c\u2026 a confirmation that I am in the right place professionally\u201d","volume":"27","author":"Klasen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Educ Online"},{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.5","first-page":"92","article-title":"The effect of COVID-19 on medical students\u2019 education and wellbeing: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"12","author":"ElHawary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Med Educ J"},{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip4102_2","article-title":"Becoming a Self-Regulated Learner: An Overview","volume":"41","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theory Pract"},{"key":"2025120415075346000_15.10.e106212.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinilla S , Lenouvel E , Cantisani A , et al . 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