{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]],"date-time":"2026-11-15T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1794723989987,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outcome measures used in sciatica research lack standardisation, making it difficult to combine data for analysis. This scoping review identified and categorised Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) employed in randomised controlled trials investigating sciatica interventions, providing a foundation for developing a consensus-based core outcome set.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoping review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central for research published between 1999 and 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included randomised controlled trials that involved patients with sciatica and used at least one PROM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction and synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Screening and data extraction were performed independently by at least two reviewers. PROMs were categorised using the OMERACT Filter 2.0 framework, inductively sub-categorised into domains, and then the frequency was counted to identify patterns of use. Collection time points and intervention type were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>187 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies employed 69 different PROMs, collected 548 times across all papers. The Visual Analogue Scale for pain (n=115), Oswestry Disability Index (n=109) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (n=74) were most frequently used. PROMs predominantly addressed the pathophysiological (n=274) and life impact (n=262) domains, with minimal attention to resource use\/economic impact (n=12). Injection-based interventions were the most studied treatment approach. Follow-up periods using the same PROMs varied considerably between studies, with trends by intervention type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review identified and categorised PROMs from numerous research studies, revealing substantial heterogeneity in outcome measurement for sciatica trials. This demonstrates the need for a standardised core outcome set. The predominance of use of non-sciatica-specific pain and disability measures suggests potential gaps in capturing sciatica-specific outcomes. Inconsistent follow-up durations and administration methods further highlight the requirement for standardisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T14:40:40Z","timestamp":1763736040000},"page":"e106292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Developing a core outcome set for sciatica: a scoping review of outcome measures"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5036-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Ridsdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5223-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ifsah","family":"Asad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breesha","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Marbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Reddington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318183a4a2","article-title":"Sciatica: review of epidemiological studies and prevalence estimates","volume":"33","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064039"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39223.428495.BE"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6273","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of sciatica","volume":"367","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180506"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-0898-2","article-title":"Outcome choice and definition in systematic reviews leads to few eligible studies included in meta-analyses: a case study","volume":"20","author":"Saldanha","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6501","article-title":"Selective reporting bias of harm outcomes within studies: findings from a cohort of systematic reviews","volume":"349","author":"Saini","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026111421173980000_15.11.e106292.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1555-2","article-title":"How to select outcome measurement instruments for outcomes included in a \u201cCore Outcome Set\u201d - 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