{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T23:37:58Z","timestamp":1782689878844,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation, National Research Programme 83","award":["408340_227176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408340_227176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, intersex, queer\/questioning and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTIQ+) face systemic barriers and discrimination in healthcare settings, leading to significant health disparities. These challenges persist in palliative and end-of-life care (PEOLC), where older LGBTIQ+ people often lack family support and experience social isolation. Despite the increasing ageing of the LGBTIQ+ population in Switzerland, there is limited evidence on their specific PEOLC needs. Additionally, healthcare providers\u2019 knowledge and practices regarding LGBTIQ+ inclusivity in these settings remain understudied. This study aims to address these gaps by co-creating knowledge and developing best practice recommendations for inclusive PEOLC in Switzerland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employs a mixed-methods participatory action research approach across three work packages (WPs). WP0 ensures participatory engagement through advisory boards, workshops and co-design processes across Switzerland\u2019s four linguistic regions. WP1 investigates the palliative and PEOLC needs of LGBTIQ+ people\u2009and their (chosen) families through qualitative interviews (n\u224830) and a quantitative survey embedded in the Swiss LGBTIQ+ Panel. WP2 explores healthcare providers\u2019 perceptions and practices regarding LGBTIQ+ patients through qualitative interviews (n\u224830) and a nationwide quantitative survey among palliative and PEOLC professionals. Data will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis for qualitative data and multivariate regression models for quantitative data. Findings will be synthesised through a specific data integration framework, integrating community and healthcare perspectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has received ethical approval from the relevant Swiss Ethics Committees. The participatory approach promotes inclusivity, empowering LGBTIQ+ people\u2009and healthcare providers in shaping recommendations. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, policy briefs, stakeholder workshops and the co-created Rainbow Book, a best-practice guide for LGBTIQ+ inclusive palliative and PEOLC in Switzerland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T12:40:45Z","timestamp":1767789645000},"page":"e106641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mixed-methods, participatory action research study exploring palliative and end-of-life care for LGBTIQ+ people in Switzerland: a protocol for the TRUST-PALL study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-8173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Deml","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-7993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences (FORS), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7701-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Letras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Canova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management and Engineering Vaud (HEIG-VD), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management and Engineering Vaud (HEIG-VD), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Lausanne Institute of Psychology, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00e9","family":"Colussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management and Engineering Vaud (HEIG-VD), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9\u00efla","family":"Eisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabea","family":"H\u00e4ssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bosisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management and Engineering Vaud (HEIG-VD), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gamondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010704403710000_16.1.e106641.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"2026010704403710000_16.1.e106641.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4ssler T , Eisner L . 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